Skip to navigation Skip to content
  • Woodruff
  • Business
  • Health Sciences
  • Law
  • Rose
  • Oxford College
  • Theology
  • Schools
    • Undergraduate

      • Emory College
      • Oxford College
      • Business School
      • School of Nursing

      Community

      • Emory College
      • Oxford College
      • Business School
      • School of Nursing
    • Graduate

      • Business School
      • Graduate School
      • School of Law
      • School of Medicine
      • School of Nursing
      • School of Public Health
      • School of Theology
  • Libraries
    • Libraries

      • Robert W. Woodruff
      • Business
      • Chemistry
      • Health Sciences
      • Law
      • MARBL
      • Music & Media
      • Oxford College
      • Theology
    • Library Tools

      • Course Reserves
      • Databases
      • Digital Scholarship (ECDS)
      • discoverE
      • eJournals
      • Electronic Dissertations
      • EmoryFindingAids
      • EUCLID
      • ILLiad
      • OpenEmory
      • Research Guides
  • Resources
    • Resources

      • Administrative Offices
      • Emory Healthcare
      • Academic Calendars
      • Bookstore
      • Campus Maps
      • Shuttles and Parking
      • Athletics: Emory Eagles
      • Arts at Emory
      • Michael C. Carlos Museum
      • Emory News Center
      • Emory Report
    • Resources

      • Emergency Contacts
      • Information Technology (IT)
      • Outlook Web Access
      • Office 365
      • Blackboard
      • OPUS
      • PeopleSoft Financials: Compass
      • Careers
      • Human Resources
      • Emory Alumni Association
  • Browse
    • Works by Author
    • Works by Journal
    • Works by Subject
  • For Authors
    • How to Submit
    • Deposit Advice
    • Deposit Instructions
    • Author Rights
    • FAQ
    • Emory Open Access Policy
    • Open Access Fund
  • About OpenEmory
    • About OpenEmory
    • About Us
    • Citing Articles
    • Contact Us
    • Privacy Policy
    • Terms of Use
 
Contact Us

Filter Results:

Year

  • 2021 (129)
  • 2020 (119)
  • 2022 (93)
  • 2019 (85)
  • 2017 (71)
  • 2014 (65)
  • 2016 (60)
  • 2015 (49)
  • 2018 (49)
  • 2013 (42)
  • 2012 (28)
  • 2010 (16)
  • 2011 (10)
  • 2008 (9)
  • 2009 (7)
  • 2006 (5)
  • 2023 (5)
  • 2007 (4)
  • 2002 (2)
  • 2005 (2)
  • 2001 (1)

Author

  • Kitron, Uriel (68)
  • Chang, Howard (59)
  • Liu, Yang (58)
  • Clasen, Thomas (54)
  • Vazquez Prokopec, Gonzalo (51)
  • Barr, Dana (43)
  • Freeman, Matthew (43)
  • Marsit, Carmen (32)
  • Barr, Dana Boyd (29)
  • Steenland, Nelson (28)
  • Sarnat, Jeremy (26)
  • Klein, Mitchel (25)
  • Gribble, Matthew (24)
  • Jones, Dean (23)
  • Waller, Lance (23)
  • Steenland, Kyle (21)
  • Tolbert, Paige (20)
  • Winquist, Andrea (20)
  • Levy, Karen (19)
  • Shi, Liuhua (19)
  • Walker, Douglas (18)
  • Darrow, Lyndsey (17)
  • Liang, Donghai (17)
  • Schwartz, Joel (16)
  • Strickland, Matthew (16)
  • Checkley, William (15)
  • Gillespie, Thomas (15)
  • Manrique-Saide, Pablo (15)
  • Miller, Gary W (15)
  • Sarnat, Stefanie (15)
  • Mulholland, James A. (14)
  • Panuwet, Parinya (14)
  • Pillarisetti, Ajay (14)
  • Uppal, Karan (14)
  • Miller, Gary (13)
  • Remais, Justin V (13)
  • Everson, Todd (12)
  • Morrison, Amy C. (12)
  • Thompson, Lisa (12)
  • Caudle, William (11)
  • Chen, Jia (11)
  • Scovronick, Noah (11)
  • Stoddard, Steven T. (11)
  • Caudle, William Michael (10)
  • Che-Mendoza, Azael (10)
  • Dunlop, Anne (10)
  • Ebelt, Stefanie (10)
  • Flanders, W Dana (10)
  • Sarnat, Stefanie Ebelt (10)
  • Scott, Thomas W. (10)
  • Bi, Jun (9)
  • Bisanzio, Donal (9)
  • Brosi, Berry (9)
  • Gillespie, Thomas R. (9)
  • Lenhart, Audrey (9)
  • Lopman, Benjamin (9)
  • Marcus, Michele (9)
  • Meng, Xia (9)
  • Ryan, P (9)
  • Ryan, P Barry (9)
  • Zhang, Qiang (9)
  • Armstrong, Ben (8)
  • Balakrishnan, Kalpana (8)
  • Bradman, Asa (8)
  • Brown, Joe (8)
  • Eskenazi, Brenda (8)
  • Garn, Joshua V. (8)
  • Hess, Jeremy (8)
  • Kannan, Kurunthachalam (8)
  • Koutrakis, Petros (8)
  • Liang, Song (8)
  • Moe, Christine (8)
  • Naeher, Luke (8)
  • Rosa, Ghislaine (8)
  • Russell, Armistead G. (8)
  • Smarr, Melissa (8)
  • Xiao, Qingyang (8)
  • Boisson, Sophie (7)
  • Caruso, Bethany (7)
  • Elder, John P. (7)
  • Flanders, William (7)
  • Go, Young-Mi (7)
  • Gonzales, Gustavo F (7)
  • Gunderson, Lance (7)
  • Guo, Yuming (7)
  • Halsey, Eric S. (7)
  • Hao, Ke (7)
  • Hu, Xuefei (7)
  • Johnson, Michael (7)
  • Jones, Dean P (7)
  • Lavigne, Eric (7)
  • Liu, Pengfei (7)
  • Ma, Zongwei (7)
  • Northstone, Kate (7)
  • Rahman, Mahbubur (7)
  • Sera, Francesco (7)
  • Sundaram, Rajeshwari (7)
  • Acquaotta, Fiorella (6)
  • Astete, Helvio (6)
  • Bell, Edward F. (6)

Subject

  • Health Sciences, Public Health (415)
  • Health Sciences, Epidemiology (192)
  • Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery (62)
  • Biology, Biostatistics (59)
  • Biology, Ecology (53)
  • Health Sciences, Toxicology (35)
  • Biology, Neuroscience (34)
  • Health Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology (27)
  • Biology, Entomology (24)
  • Health Sciences, Occupational Health and Safety (23)
  • Biology, Genetics (22)
  • Engineering, Environmental (21)
  • Health Sciences, General (17)
  • Health Sciences, Pathology (17)
  • Biology, Microbiology (16)
  • Biology, Virology (16)
  • Biology, Parasitology (15)
  • Geography (12)
  • Health Sciences, Immunology (12)
  • Biology, Bioinformatics (11)
  • Health Sciences, Pharmacology (11)
  • Psychology, Behavioral (11)
  • Engineering, Biomedical (10)
  • Health Sciences, Nutrition (10)
  • Health Sciences, Oncology (10)
  • Biology, General (9)
  • Health Sciences, Hygiene (9)
  • Health Sciences, Mental Health (9)
  • Health Sciences, Human Development (8)
  • Health Sciences, Nursing (8)
  • Statistics (7)
  • Anthropology, Physical (5)
  • Biogeochemistry (5)
  • Biology, Veterinary Science (5)
  • Biology, Zoology (4)
  • Chemistry, Biochemistry (4)
  • Health Sciences, Radiology (4)
  • Mathematics (4)
  • Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife (3)
  • Agriculture, General (3)
  • Anthropology, Medical and Forensic (3)
  • Anthropology, Medical and Forensic (3)
  • Biology, Cell (3)
  • Chemistry, General (3)
  • Sociology, Public and Social Welfare (3)
  • Agriculture, Food Science and Technology (2)
  • Anthropology, Cultural (2)
  • Biology, Molecular (2)
  • Biology, Plant Physiology (2)
  • Chemistry, Agricultural (2)
  • Chemistry, Pharmaceutical (2)
  • Computer Science (2)
  • Engineering, Chemical (2)
  • Engineering, Civil (2)
  • Engineering, Sanitary and Municiple (2)
  • Engineering, System Science (2)
  • Geology (2)
  • Health Sciences, Health Care Management (2)
  • Health Sciences, Pharmacy (2)
  • Psychology, Developmental (2)
  • Sociology, Ethnic and Racial Studies (2)
  • Sociology, General (2)
  • Sociology, Social Structure and Development (2)
  • Agriculture, Agronomy (1)
  • Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition (1)
  • Agriculture, Animal Pathology (1)
  • Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture (1)
  • Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture (1)
  • Agriculture, Soil Science (1)
  • Anthropology, Archaeology (1)
  • Biology, Animal Physiology (1)
  • Biology, Botany (1)
  • Biophysics, Medical (1)
  • Chemistry, Analytical (1)
  • Chemistry, Inorganic (1)
  • Education, Health (1)
  • Education, Higher (1)
  • Engineering, Aerospace (1)
  • Engineering, Industrial (1)
  • Engineering, Marine and Ocean (1)
  • Gender Studies (1)
  • Geophysics (1)
  • Geotechnology (1)
  • Gerontology (1)
  • Health Sciences, Opthamology (1)
  • Health Sciences, Rehabilitation and Therapy (1)
  • Physical Geography (1)
  • Physics, Atmospheric Science (1)
  • Physics, General (1)
  • Psychology, Clinical (1)
  • Psychology, Cognitive (1)
  • Psychology, General (1)
  • Public Administration (1)

Journal

  • Environmental Health Perspectives (53)
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (37)
  • PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases (33)
  • PLoS ONE (29)
  • Environmental Research (20)
  • ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (17)
  • Environment International (16)
  • ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL (15)
  • Parasites and Vectors (15)
  • Environmental Health (13)
  • Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (13)
  • ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES (12)
  • Epidemiology (10)
  • American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (9)
  • Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine (8)
  • Scientific Reports (8)
  • Environmental Epidemiology (7)
  • INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (7)
  • PLOS ONE (7)
  • ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH (6)
  • Journal of Medical Entomology (6)
  • NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (6)
  • Scientific World Journal (6)
  • ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (5)
  • INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH (5)
  • International Journal of Epidemiology (5)
  • Malaria Journal (5)
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (5)
  • BMC PUBLIC HEALTH (4)
  • BMJ OPEN (4)
  • CHEMOSPHERE (4)
  • Ecology and Evolution (4)
  • JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE (4)
  • Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (4)
  • NeuroToxicology (4)
  • The Innovation (4)
  • Atmospheric Environment (3)
  • BMC Public Health (3)
  • ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (3)
  • EPIDEMIOLOGY (3)
  • EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION (3)
  • EPIGENETICS (3)
  • Ecology and Society (3)
  • Environ Epidemiol (3)
  • Environmental Science and Technology (3)
  • INDOOR AIR (3)
  • International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health (3)
  • JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY (3)
  • Journal of Pediatrics (3)
  • Lancet (3)
  • PLoS Medicine (3)
  • PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (3)
  • REDOX BIOLOGY (3)
  • SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (3)
  • Science Advances (3)
  • Science of the Total Environment (3)
  • Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (3)
  • AIDS (2)
  • ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2)
  • Aging (2)
  • American Journal of Physical Anthropology (2)
  • American Journal of Primatology (2)
  • Applications in Plant Sciences (2)
  • Archives of Environmental and Occupational Health (2)
  • BMC Infectious Diseases (2)
  • BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH (2)
  • BMJ Global Health (2)
  • BMJ Open (2)
  • CLINICAL EPIGENETICS (2)
  • Cell Death and Disease (2)
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2)
  • Current Environmental Health Reports (2)
  • ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY (2)
  • ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS (2)
  • EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH (2)
  • EcoHealth (2)
  • Environmental Health Insights (2)
  • International Journal of Environmental Research (2)
  • JAMA Network Open (2)
  • JMIR Formative Research (2)
  • JMIR Research Protocols (2)
  • Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics (2)
  • Journal of Environmental Management (2)
  • Journal of Environmental and Public Health (2)
  • MOLECULES (2)
  • NPJ CLEAN WATER (2)
  • Nature Communications (2)
  • Nature Ecology and Evolution (2)
  • PEDIATRIC RESEARCH (2)
  • PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES (2)
  • PLoS One (2)
  • Parkinson's Disease (2)
  • PeerJ (2)
  • Preventive Medicine Reports (2)
  • SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2)
  • SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS (2)
  • TOXICS (2)
  • Toxicology (2)
  • Toxics (2)
  • Trends in Parasitology (2)

Keyword

  • scienc (527)
  • technolog (520)
  • life (475)
  • biomedicin (474)
  • environment (355)
  • health (316)
  • ecolog (255)
  • public (239)
  • occup (220)
  • exposur (196)
  • diseas (190)
  • pollut (140)
  • air (123)
  • 2 (104)
  • risk (97)
  • human (86)
  • toxicolog (73)
  • water (72)
  • children (69)
  • model (69)
  • associ (65)
  • mortal (64)
  • epidemiolog (61)
  • particul (61)
  • matter (60)
  • popul (58)
  • 5 (57)
  • multidisciplinari (55)
  • state (53)
  • topic (52)
  • airpollut (50)
  • analysi (50)
  • pesticid (50)
  • pm (50)
  • other (49)
  • unit (47)
  • birth (46)
  • factor (46)
  • infect (46)
  • medicin (46)
  • qualiti (46)
  • 25 (44)
  • biolog (43)
  • infecti (43)
  • system (42)
  • sanit (41)
  • behavior (40)
  • growth (40)
  • chang (38)
  • climat (38)
  • control (38)
  • impact (38)
  • stress (38)
  • anim (37)
  • assess (37)
  • cell (37)
  • pregnanc (37)
  • studi (37)
  • intervent (36)
  • time (36)
  • weight (36)
  • blood (35)
  • develop (34)
  • transmiss (34)
  • 1 (33)
  • unitedst (33)
  • cardiovascular (32)
  • express (32)
  • physic (32)
  • dna (31)
  • fine (31)
  • virus (31)
  • adult (30)
  • chemic (30)
  • molecular (30)
  • cohort (29)
  • countri (29)
  • diarrhea (29)
  • nutrit (29)
  • serum (29)
  • gene (28)
  • respons (28)
  • a (27)
  • drink (27)
  • high (27)
  • outcom (27)
  • social (27)
  • age (26)
  • cancer (26)
  • genet (26)
  • global (26)
  • metabolom (26)
  • respiratori (26)
  • seri (26)
  • use (26)
  • ambient (25)
  • communiti (25)
  • metabolit (25)
  • neurolog (25)
  • spatial (25)

Author affiliation

  • Position object (36) (4)
  • Position object (67) (3)
  • Position object (18) (2)
  • Position object (103) (1)
  • Position object (144) (1)
  • Position object (168) (1)
  • Position object (169) (1)
  • Position object (197) (1)
  • Position object (51) (1)
  • Position object (56) (1)
  • Position object (57) (1)
  • Position object (58) (1)
  • Position object (63) (1)
  • Position object (64) (1)

Author department

  • Environmental Health (467)
  • Environmental Science (151)
  • Biostatistics (83)
  • Epidemiology (71)
  • Global Health (49)
  • Dean's Office (33)
  • Medicine: Pulmonary (32)
  • Academic Advancement (19)
  • Behav/Soc/Health Educ Sci (18)
  • Biology (16)
  • Hum Gen: Admin (15)
  • GYN OB: Research (14)
  • Medicine: Infectious Dis (14)
  • Anthropology (10)
  • Pathology: Admin (8)
  • EVP Health Affairs (6)
  • Peds: Administration (6)
  • Task Force for Global Health (6)
  • Dev & Cog Neuroscience (5)
  • Neurology: Cog Neurobehav (5)
  • Neurology: Movement Disor (5)
  • Ophthal: Admin (5)
  • Dermatology: Admin (4)
  • Emerg Med: Admin (4)
  • Gastroenterology (4)
  • HMO: Hematology (4)
  • Neonatology (4)
  • Psych: Admin (4)
  • Urology: Admin (4)
  • Core Labs (3)
  • Hum Gen: Medical Genetics (3)
  • Micro/Immun: Admin (3)
  • Peds: Emory LOBP (3)
  • Pharmacology: Admin (3)
  • Psych: Adult (3)
  • BME: Admin (2)
  • Biochem: Admin (2)
  • Chemistry (2)
  • Ctr Study Human Health (2)
  • FPM: Family Medicine (2)
  • Health Policy and Mngmnt (2)
  • Medicine: Endocrinology (2)
  • NND-Neuroscience (2)
  • Neurology: Neuropsych (2)
  • Office of Nursing Research (2)
  • Peds: General (2)
  • Peds: Pulmonology (2)
  • Psychology (2)
  • Rad Onc: Admin (2)
  • Rad: MR Research Lab (2)
  • Anesthesiology: Admin (1)
  • Cell Biology: Admin (1)
  • Ctr Digital Scholarship (1)
  • EVP Academic Affairs & Provost (1)
  • Economics (1)
  • FPM: Preventive Medicine (1)
  • Faculty Support / Resrch (1)
  • GYN OB: General (1)
  • HMO: Med Onc (1)
  • Leukemia Lymphoma (1)
  • Long Term Disability (1)
  • Mathematics (1)
  • Medicine: Cardiology (1)
  • Medicine: Geriatrics (1)
  • Medicine: Primary Care (1)
  • Medicine: Rheumatology (1)
  • Neurology: Sleep (1)
  • Neurosci & Behav Biology (1)
  • Peds: Cystic Fibrosis (1)
  • Peds: Gastroenterology (1)
  • Peds: Leukemia Lymphoma (1)
  • Peds: Marcus Center (1)
  • Peds: Neonatology (1)
  • Physics (1)
  • Quant Theory&Method Dept (1)
  • Rad: Admin (1)
  • School of Law (1)
  • Surgery: General (1)
  • Surgery: Oncology (1)
  • Surgery: Plastic (1)
  • The Carter Center (1)
  • VA Primary Care & Quality (1)

Search Results for all work with filters:

  • Environmental Sciences

Work 1-10 of 851

Sorted by relevance
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. ...
>

Article

Air pollution and preterm birth in the U.S. State of Georgia (2002–2006): Associations with concentrations of 11 ambient air pollutants estimated by combining community multiscale air quality model (CMAQ) simulations with stationary monitor measurements

by Hua Hao; Howard Chang; Heather A. Holmes; James A. Mulholland; Mitchel Klein; Lyndsey Darrow; Matthew Strickland

2016

Subjects
  • Health Sciences, Public Health
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Biology, Bioinformatics
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

Background: Previous epidemiologic studies suggest associations between preterm birth and ambient air pollution. Objective: We investigated associations between 11 ambient air pollutants, estimated by combining Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ) simulations with measurements from stationary monitors, and risk of preterm birth (< 37 weeks of gestation) in the U.S. state of Georgia. Methods: Birth records for singleton births ≥ 27 weeks of gestation with complete covariate information and estimated dates of conception between 1 January 2002 and 28 February 2006 were obtained from the Office of Health Indicators for Planning, Georgia Department of Public Health (n = 511,658 births). Daily pollutant concentrations at 12-km resolution were estimated for 11 ambient air pollutants. We used logistic regression with county-level fixed effects to estimate associations between preterm birth and average pollutant concentrations during the first and second trimester. Discrete-time survival models were used to estimate third-trimester and total pregnancy associations. Effect modification was investigated by maternal education, race, census tract poverty level, and county-level urbanicity. Results: Trimester-specific and total pregnancy associations (p < 0.05) were observed for several pollutants. All the traffic-related pollutants (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, PM2.5 elemental carbon) were associated with preterm birth [e.g., odds ratios for interquartile range increases in carbon monoxide during the first, second, and third trimesters and total pregnancy were 1.005 (95% CI: 1.001, 1.009), 1.007 (95% CI: 1.002, 1.011), 1.010 (95% CI: 1.006, 1.014), and 1.011 (95% CI: 1.006, 1.017)]. Associations tended to be higher for mothers with low educational attainment and African American mothers. Conclusion: Several ambient air pollutants were associated with preterm birth; associations were observed in all exposure windows.

Article

Expression of hsp 27, hsp 60, hsc 70, and hsp 70 stress response genes in cultured human urothelial cells (UROtsa) exposed to lethal and sublethal concentrations of sodium arsenite

by Michael Rossi; Seema Somji; Scott H. Garrett; Mary Ann Sens; Joginder Nath; Donald A. Sens

2002

Subjects
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Health Sciences, Public Health
  • Health Sciences, Toxicology
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

The stress response is one mechanism that the bladder urothelium could potentially employ to protect itself from cellular damage after exposure to arsenic and, in so doing, influence the shape of the dose-response curve at low concentrations of exposure to this environmental pollutant. In the present study, we used the cultured human urothelial cell line UROtsa, a model of human urothelium, to determine the expression of heat shock proteins hsp 27, hsp 60, hsc 70, and hsp 70 after acute and extended exposure of the cells to lethal and sublethal levels of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2). Acute exposure was modeled by exposing confluent cultures of UROtsa cells to 100 μM NaAsO2 for 4 hr followed by a 48-hr recovery period. Extended exposure was modeled by exposing confluent UROtsa cells to 1,4, and 8 μM NaAsO2 for 16 days, with the highest concentration producing cell death by 4 days of exposure. The expression of hsp 27, hsp 60, hsc 70 mRNA and protein was determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western analysis. Cell viability was determined by the MTT [(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. The results demostrated that the expression of hsp 27, hsp 60, and hsc 70 mRNA and protein were not consistently increased by either acute or extended exposure to NaAsO2. In contrast, hsp 70 expression was induced by NaAsO2 after both acute and extended exposure. The degree and duration of the induction of the hsp 70 protein in the extended time course of exposure to NaAsO2 correlated directly with UROtsa cell cytotoxicity. The substantial level of basal expression of hsp 27, hsp 60, and hsc 70, shown previously in human bladder urothelium, coupled with the inducible expression of hsp 70, could provide the human urothelium with a mechanism to withstand and recover from a low level of arsenite exposure.

Article

Current trends in the molecular classification of renal neoplasms

by Andrew N. Young; Viraj Master; Mahul B. Amin

2006

Subjects
  • Health Sciences, Pathology
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Health Sciences, Oncology
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer in adults. RCC is a significant challenge for pathologic diagnosis and clinical management. The primary approach to diagnosis is by light microscopy, using the World Health Organization (WHO) classification system, which defines histopathologic tumor subtypes with distinct clinical behavior and underlying genetic mutations. However, light microscopic diagnosis of RCC subtypes is often difficult due to variable histology. In addition, the clinical behavior of RCC is highly variable and therapeutic response rates are poor. Few clinical assays are available to predict outcome in RCC or correlate behavior with histology. Therefore, novel RCC classification systems based on gene expression should be useful for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Recent microarray studies have shown that renal tumors are characterized by distinct gene expression profiles, which can be used to discover novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Here, we review clinical features of kidney cancer, the WHO classification system, and the growing role of molecular classification for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of this disease.

Article

Evidence for no sexual isolation between Drosophila albomicans and D. nasuta

by Yong-Kyu Kim; Dennis R. Phillips; Yung Tao

2013

Subjects
  • Biology, Ecology
  • Psychology, Developmental
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Chemistry, Biochemistry
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

Sexual isolation, the reduced tendency to mate, is one of the reproductive barriers that prevent gene flow between different species. Various species-specific signals during courtship contribute to sexual isolation between species. Drosophila albomicans and D. nasuta are closely related species of the nasuta subgroup within the Drosophila immigrans group and are distributed in allopatry. We analyzed mating behavior and courtship as well as cuticular hydrocarbon profiles within and between species. Here, we report that these two species randomly mated with each other. We did not observe any sexual isolation between species or between strains within species by multiple-choice tests. Significant difference in the courtship index was detected between these two species, but males and females of both species showed no discrimination against heterospecific partners. Significant quantitative variations in cuticular hydrocarbons between these two species were also found, but the cuticular hydrocarbons appear to play a negligible role in both courtship and sexual isolation between these two species. In contrast to the evident postzygotic isolation, the lack of sexual isolation between these two species suggests that the evolution of premating isolation may lag behind that of the intergenomic incompatibility, which might be driven by intragenomic conflicts. © 2013 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution.

Article

Fine-scale spatial and temporal dynamics of kdr haplotypes in Aedes aegypti from Mexico

by Marissa K. Grossman; Julian Rodriguez; Anuar Medina Barreiro; Audrey Lenhart; Pablo Manrique-Saide; Gonzalo Vazquez Prokopec

2019

Subjects
  • Biology, Parasitology
  • Biology, Entomology
  • Environmental Sciences
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

Background: As resistance to insecticides increases in disease vectors, it has become exceedingly important to monitor populations for susceptibility. Most studies of field populations of Aedes aegypti have largely characterized resistance patterns at the spatial scale of the city or country, which may not be completely informative given that insecticide application occurs at the scale of the house or city block. Phenotypic resistance to pyrethroids dominates in Ae. aegypti, and it has been partially explained by mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene. Here, we assess community-level patterns of four knockdown resistance (kdr) haplotypes (C1534/I1016, F1534/I1016, C1534/V1016 and F1534/V1016) in Ae. aegypti in 24 randomly chosen city blocks from a city in Yucatán State, Mexico, during both the dry and wet season and over two years. Results: Three of the four haplotypes, C1534/I1016, C1534/V1016 and F1534/V1016 were heterogeneous between city blocks at all four sampling time points, and the double mutant haplotype, C1534/I1016, showed a significant increase following the wet season. The F1534/I1016 haplotype was rarely detected, similar to other studies. However, when haplotype frequencies were aggregated to a coarser spatial scale, the differences in space and time were obscured. Conclusions: Our results provide empirical evidence that the selection of kdr alleles is occurring at fine spatial scales, indicating that future studies should include this scale to better understand evolutionary processes of resistance in natural populations.

Article

Mortality reduction benefits and intussusception risks of rotavirus vaccination in 135 low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling analysis of current and alternative schedules

by Andrew Clark; Jacqueline Tate; Umesh Parashar; Mark Jit; Mateusz Hasso-Agopsowicz; Nicholas Henschke; Kevin Van Zandvoort; Benjamin Lopman; Clint Pecenka; Paul Fine; Colin Sanderson

2019

Subjects
  • Biology, Virology
  • Health Sciences, Public Health
  • Health Sciences, Epidemiology
  • Environmental Sciences
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

Background: Infant rotavirus vaccines have led to substantial reductions in hospital admissions and deaths due to gastroenteritis, but some studies have reported an elevated risk of intussusception, a rare bowel disorder. This analysis aimed to provide evidence on the potential mortality reduction benefits and intussusception risks of current rotavirus vaccination schedules, and to explore whether alternative schedules could have advantages. Methods: All 135 low-income and middle-income countries, defined by gross national income per capita of less than US$12 236 in the 2018 fiscal year, were included in the model. Mortality reduction benefits and intussusception risks of rotavirus vaccination were modelled by use of an Excel-based static cohort model with a finely disaggregated age structure. Numbers of rotavirus gastroenteritis deaths and intussusception deaths in each week of age were calculated for all infants born in the year 2015 between birth and age 5·0 years, with and without restrictions on age at administration. Benefit–risk ratios (rotavirus gastroenteritis deaths prevented per excess intussusception death) and other indicators were calculated for two vaccination schedules currently recommended by WHO and 16 alternative schedules. Of these schedules, it was assumed that between one and three doses would be given; the first dose of the rotavirus vaccine would be co-administered with either BCG or diphtheria–tetanus–pertussis (DTP)1; and the second or third dose would be co-administered with either DTP1, DTP2, DTP3, or measles (Meas)1. Findings: A three-dose schedule co-administered with DTP (without age restrictions) could prevent about 74 000 (95% uncertainty interval 59 000–100 000) rotavirus gastroenteritis deaths (38% reduction) and could lead to 201 (77–550) excess intussusception deaths (1·4% increase) compared with no vaccination, resulting in a benefit–risk ratio of 369:1 (160:1–895:1). The benefit–risk ratio was most favourable when the relative risk of intussusception was assumed to decline with the national under-5 mortality rate (2386:1) and least favourable with pessimistic assumptions about access to hospital for intussusception treatment (168:1). Schedules that involve giving the first dose with BCG and the second with DTP1 had the fewest excess intussusception deaths and most favourable benefit–risk ratios. Interpretation: Rotavirus vaccines have a favourable benefit–risk profile in LMICs. Neonatal schedules have the potential to prevent more rotavirus gastroenteritis deaths and cause fewer excess intussusception deaths than the schedules currently recommended by WHO, but more efficacious rotavirus vaccines would be needed to achieve more substantial mortality reduction benefits.

Article

Spatial Analysis Spotlighting Early Childhood Leprosy Transmission in a Hyperendemic Municipality of the Brazilian Amazon Region

by Josafá Gonçalves Barreto; Donal Bisanzio; Layana de Souza Guimarães; John Stewart Spencer; Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec; Uriel Kitron; Claudio Guedes Salgado

2014

Subjects
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

Background:More than 200,000 new cases of leprosy were reported by 105 countries in 2011. The disease is a public health problem in Brazil, particularly within high-burden pockets in the Amazon region where leprosy is hyperendemic among children.Methodology:We applied geographic information systems and spatial analysis to determine the spatio-temporal pattern of leprosy cases in a hyperendemic municipality of the Brazilian Amazon region (Castanhal). Moreover, we performed active surveillance to collect clinical, epidemiological and serological data of the household contacts of people affected by leprosy and school children in the general population. The occurrence of subclinical infection and overt disease among the evaluated individuals was correlated with the spatio-temporal pattern of leprosy.Principal Findings:The pattern of leprosy cases showed significant spatio-temporal heterogeneity (p < 0.01). Considering 499 mapped cases, we found spatial clusters of high and low detection rates and spatial autocorrelation of individual cases at fine spatio-temporal scales. The relative risk of contracting leprosy in one specific cluster with a high detection rate is almost four times the risk in the areas of low detection rate (RR = 3.86; 95% CI = 2.26-6.59; p < 0.0001). Eight new cases were detected among 302 evaluated household contacts: two living in areas of clusters of high detection rate and six in hyperendemic census tracts. Of 188 examined students, 134 (71.3%) lived in hyperendemic areas, 120 (63.8%) were dwelling less than 100 meters of at least one reported leprosy case, 125 (66.5%) showed immunological evidence (positive anti-PGL-I IgM titer) of subclinical infection, and 9 (4.8%) were diagnosed with leprosy (8 within 200 meters of a case living in the same area).Conclusions/Significance:Spatial analysis provided a better understanding of the high rate of early childhood leprosy transmission in this region. These findings can be applied to guide leprosy control programs to target intervention to high risk areas.

Article

Limited Spillover to Humans from West Nile Virus Viremic Birds in Atlanta, Georgia

by Rebecca S. Levine; Daniel G. Mead; Uriel Kitron

2013

Subjects
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Health Sciences, Public Health
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that impacts the health of its passerine bird hosts as well as incidentally infected humans in the United States. Intensive enzootic activity among the hosts and vectors does not always lead to human outbreaks, as is the situation throughout much of the southeastern United States. In Georgia, substantial yearly evidence of WNV in the mosquito vectors and avian hosts since 2001 has only led to 324 human cases. Although virus has been consistently isolated from mosquitoes trapped in Atlanta, GA, little is known about viral activity among the passerine hosts. A possible reason for the suppression of WNV spillover to humans is that viremic birds are absent from high human-use areas of the city. To test this hypothesis, multiseason, multihabitat, longitudinal WNV surveillance for active WNV viremia was conducted within the avian host community of urban Atlanta by collection of blood samples from wild passerine birds in five urban microhabitats. WNV was isolated from the serum of six blood samples collected from 630 (0.95%) wild passerine birds in Atlanta during 2010–2012, a proportion similar to that found in the Chicago, IL, area in 2005, when over 200 human cases were reported. Most of the viremic birds were Northern Cardinals, suggesting they may be of particular importance to the WNV transmission cycle in Georgia. Results indicated active WNV transmission in all microhabitats of urban Atlanta, except in the old-growth forest patches. The number of viremic birds was highest in Zoo Atlanta, where 3.5% of samples were viremic. Although not significant, these observations may suggest a possible transmission reduction effect of urban old-growth forests and a potential role in WNV amplification for Zoo Atlanta. Overall, spillover to humans remains a rare occurrence in urban Atlanta settings despite active WNV transmission in the avian population.

Article

Modeled PFOA Exposure and Coronary Artery Disease, Hypertension, and High Cholesterol in Community and Worker Cohorts

by Andrea Winquist; Nelson Steenland

2014

Subjects
  • Health Sciences, Public Health
  • Environmental Sciences
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

Background: Several previous studies, mostly cross-sectional, have found associations between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and high cholesterol levels, but studies of hypertension and heart disease have had inconsistent findings. Objectives: In this study we examined the association between modeled PFOA exposure and incident hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and coronary artery disease among workers at a Mid-Ohio Valley chemical plant that used PFOA, and residents of the surrounding community. Methods: Community- and worker-cohort participants completed surveys during 2008–2011 covering demographics, health-related behaviors, and medical history. Cox proportional hazard models, stratified by birth year, modeled the hazard of each outcome (starting at 20 years of age) as a function of retrospective serum PFOA concentration estimates (generated through fate, transport and exposure modeling), controlling for sex, race, education, smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, and diabetes. Results: Among 32,254 participants (28,541 community; 3,713 worker), 12,325 reported hypertension with medication, 9,909 reported hypercholesterolemia with medication, and 3,147 reported coronary artery disease (2,550 validated). Hypercholesterolemia incidence increased with increasing cumulative PFOA exposure (sum of yearly serum concentration estimates), most notably among males 40–60 years of age. Compared with the lowest exposure quintile (< 142 ng/mL-years), hazard ratios for subsequent quintiles (ng/mL-years: 142 to < 234; 234 to < 630; 630 to < 3,579; ≥ 3,579) were 1.24, 1.17, 1.19, and 1.19 overall and 1.38, 1.32, 1.31, and 1.44 among men 40–60 years of age. There was no apparent association between PFOA exposure and hypertension or coronary artery disease incidence. Conclusions: Higher PFOA exposure was associated with incident hypercholesterolemia with medication, but not with hypertension or coronary artery disease.

Article

Late-onset Sepsis in Extremely Premature Infants 2000-2011

by Rachel G. Greenberg; Sarah Kandefer; Barbara T. Do; P. Brian Smith; Barbara Stoll; Edward F. Bell; Waldemar A. Carlo; Abbot R. Laptook; Pablo J. Sanchez; Seetha Shankaran; Krisa P. Van Meurs; M. Bethany Ball; Ellen C. Hale; Nancy S. Newman; Abhik Das; Rosemary D. Higgins; C. Michael Cotten

2017

Subjects
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

Background: Late-onset sepsis (LOS) is an important cause of death and neurodevelopmental impairment in premature infants. The purpose of this study was to assess overall incidence of LOS, distribution of LOS-causative organisms and center variation in incidence of LOS for extremely premature infants over time. Methods: In a retrospective analysis of infants 401-1000 g birth weight and 22-28 6/7 weeks of gestational age born at 12 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network centers in the years 2000-2005 (era 1) or 2006-2011 (era 2) who survived >72 hours, we compared the incidence of LOS and pathogen distribution in the 2 eras using the χ2test. We also examined the effect of birth year on the incidence of LOS using multivariable regression to adjust for nonmodifiable risk factors and for center. To assess whether the incidence of LOS was different among centers in era 2, we used a multivariable regression model to adjust for nonmodifiable risk factors. Results: Ten-thousand one-hundred thirty-one infants were studied. LOS occurred in 2083 of 5031 (41%) infants in era 1 and 1728 of 5100 (34%) infants in era 2 (P < 0.001). Birth year was a significant predictor of LOS on adjusted analysis, with birth years 2000-2009 having a significantly higher odds of LOS than the reference year 2011. Pathogens did not differ, with the exception of decreased fungal infection (P < 0.001). In era 2, 9 centers had significantly higher odds of LOS compared with the center with the lowest incidence. Conclusions: The incidence of LOS decreased over time. Further investigation is warranted to determine which interventions have the greatest impact on infection rates.
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. ...
>
Site Statistics
  • 34,044
  • Total Works
  • 8,107,608
  • Downloads
  • 724,547
  • Downloads This Year

Copyright © 2016 Emory University - All Rights Reserved
540 Asbury Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322-2870
(404) 727-6861
Privacy Policy | Terms & Conditions

v2.2.8-dev

Contact Us
Download now