Background: SAMHD1 is an enzyme that maintains low dNTP concentrations in macrophages.
Results: Depletion of SAMHD1 decreases HIV-1 sensitivity to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in macrophages, but does not significantly alter sensitivity in T cells.
Conclusion: SAMHD1 expression levels in macrophages directly impact the efficacy of NRTIs by modulating cellular dNTP concentrations.
Significance: SAMHD1 controls HIV-1 sensitivity to NRTIs.