Background/Objectives: The rise in the number of elderly kidney transplant recipients over the past decade makes it increasingly important to understand factors affecting post-transplant outcomes in this population. Our objective was to investigate the racial/ethnic differences in graft and patient survival among elderly kidney transplant recipients. Design: Retrospective Cohort. Setting & Participants: All first-time, kidney-only transplant recipients ≥60 years of age at transplantation in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database, transplanted between July 1996 and October 2010, N=44,013. Measurements: Time to graft failure and death obtained from the UNOS database and linkage to the Social Security Death Index. Neighborhood poverty from 2000 U.S. Census geographic data. Results: Of the 44,013 recipients in the sample, 20% were African American, 63% non-Hispanic white, 11% Hispanic, 5% Asian and the rest “other racial groups”. In adjusted Cox models, we found that compared to whites, African Americans were more likely to experience graft failure (HR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.32), while Hispanics, (HR: 0.77, 95%CI: 0.70, 0.85) and Asians (HR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.61, 0.81) were less likely to experience graft failure. Secondly, compared to whites, African Americans (HR: 0.84, 95%CI: 0.80, 0.88), Hispanics (HR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.64, 0.72), and Asians (HR: 0.62, 95%CI: 0.57, 0.68) all were less likely to die after renal transplantation. Conclusion: Elderly African Americans are at increased risk of graft failure compared to white transplant recipients, but survive longer after transplantation. Asians have the highest patient and graft survival followed by the Hispanics. Further studies are needed to assess additional factors affecting graft and patient survival including outcomes such as quality of life.