Skip to navigation Skip to content
  • Woodruff
  • Business
  • Health Sciences
  • Law
  • MARBL
  • Oxford College
  • Theology
  • Schools
    • Undergraduate

      • Emory College
      • Oxford College
      • Business School
      • School of Nursing

      Community

      • Emory College
      • Oxford College
      • Business School
      • School of Nursing
    • Graduate

      • Business School
      • Graduate School
      • School of Law
      • School of Medicine
      • School of Nursing
      • School of Public Health
      • School of Theology
  • Libraries
    • Libraries

      • Robert W. Woodruff
      • Business
      • Chemistry
      • Health Sciences
      • Law
      • MARBL
      • Music & Media
      • Oxford College
      • Theology
    • Library Tools

      • Course Reserves
      • Databases
      • Digital Scholarship (ECDS)
      • discoverE
      • eJournals
      • Electronic Dissertations
      • EmoryFindingAids
      • EUCLID
      • ILLiad
      • OpenEmory
      • Research Guides
  • Resources
    • Resources

      • Administrative Offices
      • Emory Healthcare
      • Academic Calendars
      • Bookstore
      • Campus Maps
      • Shuttles and Parking
      • Athletics: Emory Eagles
      • Arts at Emory
      • Michael C. Carlos Museum
      • Emory News Center
      • Emory Report
    • Resources

      • Emergency Contacts
      • Information Technology (IT)
      • Outlook Web Access
      • Office 365
      • Blackboard
      • OPUS
      • PeopleSoft Financials: Compass
      • Careers
      • Human Resources
      • Emory Alumni Association
  • Browse
    • Works by Author
    • Works by Journal
    • Works by Subject
    • Works by Dept
    • Faculty by Dept
  • For Authors
    • How to Submit
    • Deposit Advice
    • Author Rights
    • Publishing Your Data
    • FAQ
    • Emory Open Access Policy
    • Open Access Fund
  • About OpenEmory
    • About OpenEmory
    • About Us
    • Citing Articles
    • Contact Us
    • Privacy Policy
    • Terms of Use
 
Contact Us

Filter Results:

Author

  • Oster, Matthew (3)
  • Devine, Owen J. (2)
  • Gilboa, Suzanne M. (2)
  • Honein, Margaret A. (2)
  • Kochilas, Lazaros (2)
  • Tinker, Sarah C. (2)
  • Affret, Aurelie (1)
  • Agopian, A.J. (1)
  • Aleksandrova, Krasimira (1)
  • Andrade, Susan E. (1)
  • Aucott, Susan W. (1)
  • Barricarte, Aurelio (1)
  • Bartell, Scott M. (1)
  • Bastide, Nadia (1)
  • Boeing, Heiner (1)
  • Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine (1)
  • Bradbury, Kathryn E. (1)
  • Brindis, Ralph (1)
  • Broberg, Craig S. (1)
  • Bruce, W. Robert (1)
  • Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas (1)
  • Burns, Kristin M. (1)
  • Califf, Robert M. (1)
  • Carter, Shelley (1)
  • Cheetham, T. Craig (1)
  • Chen, Guangping (1)
  • Christiansen-Lindquist, Lauren (1)
  • Cooper, William O. (1)
  • Correa, Adolfo (1)
  • Cross , Amanda J. (1)
  • Daniels, Curt J. (1)
  • Davis, Robert (1)
  • Dorronsoro, Miren (1)
  • Dublin, Sascha (1)
  • Fedirko, Veronika (1)
  • Ferrari, Pietro (1)
  • Freiman, Heatjer (1)
  • Freisling, Heinz (1)
  • Fuller, Stephanie M.P.N. (1)
  • Gewirtz, Andrew (1)
  • Girguis, Mariam S (1)
  • Glidewell, Jill (1)
  • Graham, David J. (1)
  • Gunter, Marc J. (1)
  • Gurvitz, Michelle (1)
  • Hackell, Jesse (1)
  • Haffenreffer, Katie (1)
  • Hansen, Craig (1)
  • Herring, Amy H. (1)
  • Hogue, Carol J (1)
  • Howards, Penelope (1)
  • Hu, Xuefei (1)
  • Huerta Castano, Jose Maria (1)
  • Jenab, Mazda (1)
  • Jenkins, Kathy (1)
  • Johnson, Candice Y. (1)
  • Kaaks, Rudolf (1)
  • Kemper, Alex R. (1)
  • Khairy, Paul (1)
  • Khaw, Kay-Tee (1)
  • Kong, So Yeon (1)
  • Kritikou, Maria (1)
  • Krogh, Vittorio (1)
  • Kucik, James E. (1)
  • Kuehl, Karen S. (1)
  • Kuhn , Tilman (1)
  • Kuntz, Jennifer L. (1)
  • Landzberg, Michael J. (1)
  • Li, De-Kun (1)
  • Liu, Yang (1)
  • Lowen, Anice (1)
  • Mahle, William (1)
  • Maloney, Elizabeth M. (1)
  • Mann, Douglas L. (1)
  • Marelli, Ariane (1)
  • Marelli, Ariane J. (1)
  • Martin, Gerard R. (1)
  • Mattiello, Amalia (1)
  • McKeown-Eyssen, Gail (1)
  • Menk, Jeremiah S. (1)
  • Naccarati, Alessio (1)
  • Nembhard, Wendy N. (1)
  • Newburger, Jane W. (1)
  • Olsen, Anja (1)
  • Overvad, Kim (1)
  • Palli, Domenico (1)
  • Pawloski, Pamela A. (1)
  • Pearson, Gail D. (1)
  • Peeters, Petra H. (1)
  • Perrin, Nancy (1)
  • Phillippi, Julia (1)
  • Pinto, Nelangi M. (1)
  • Qian, Xiaoqian (1)
  • Quiros, J. Ramon (1)
  • Raebel, Marsha A. (1)
  • Razzaghi, Hilda (1)
  • Riboli, Elio (1)
  • Riehle-Colarusso, Tiffany (1)
  • Romieu, Isabelle (1)
  • Rosales, A. Gabriela (1)

Subject

  • Health Sciences, Public Health (5)
  • Health Sciences, Epidemiology (4)
  • Health Sciences, General (3)
  • Biology, Biostatistics (1)
  • Biology, Cell (1)
  • Biology, Microbiology (1)
  • Biology, Physiology (1)
  • Biology, Virology (1)
  • Environmental Sciences (1)
  • Health Sciences, Health Care Management (1)
  • Health Sciences, Human Development (1)
  • Health Sciences, Immunology (1)
  • Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery (1)
  • Health Sciences, Nutrition (1)
  • Health Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology (1)
  • Health Sciences, Oncology (1)
  • Health Sciences, Pathology (1)
  • Health Sciences, Pharmacology (1)
  • Health Sciences, Pharmacy (1)

Journal

  • Annals of Epidemiology (2)
  • Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention (1)
  • Circulation (1)
  • Environmental Research (1)
  • Journal of Virological Methods (1)
  • Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1)
  • Maternal and Child Health Journal (1)
  • Pediatric Cardiology (1)
  • Pediatrics (1)
  • Pflügers Archiv European Journal of Physiology (1)
  • Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety (1)

Keyword

  • biomedicin (12)
  • life (12)
  • scienc (12)
  • health (7)
  • birth (6)
  • environment (6)
  • occup (6)
  • public (6)
  • congenit (5)
  • diseas (5)
  • heart (5)
  • cardiolog (4)
  • popul (4)
  • system (4)
  • birthdefect (3)
  • cardiac (3)
  • cardiovascular (3)
  • pregnanc (3)
  • preval (3)
  • state (3)
  • adult (2)
  • c (2)
  • care (2)
  • collect (2)
  • data (2)
  • death (2)
  • fallot (2)
  • general (2)
  • generalpopul (2)
  • infect (2)
  • mortal (2)
  • pediatr (2)
  • prevent (2)
  • protein (2)
  • research (2)
  • respons (2)
  • tetralog (2)
  • unit (2)
  • unitedst (2)
  • 1 (1)
  • 2 (1)
  • 2009 (1)
  • 25 (1)
  • 5 (1)
  • abort (1)
  • absolut (1)
  • access (1)
  • accumul (1)
  • acid (1)
  • aerosol (1)
  • african (1)
  • africanamerican (1)
  • agent (1)
  • air (1)
  • america (1)
  • american (1)
  • anomali (1)
  • antagonist (1)
  • antibacteri (1)
  • aortic (1)
  • appli (1)
  • arteri (1)
  • associ (1)
  • asymptomat (1)
  • atlanta (1)
  • attribut (1)
  • b (1)
  • bacteri (1)
  • barrier (1)
  • base (1)
  • biochem (1)
  • biochemistri (1)
  • biolog (1)
  • biotechnolog (1)
  • bmi (1)
  • cancer (1)
  • cell (1)
  • certif (1)
  • children (1)
  • circumfer (1)
  • cleft (1)
  • coarctat (1)
  • colon (1)
  • colorect (1)
  • compet (1)
  • complic (1)
  • concentr (1)
  • confer (1)
  • consensus (1)
  • consortium (1)
  • cost (1)
  • creactiv (1)
  • crohn (1)
  • crohnsdiseas (1)
  • densiti (1)
  • depth (1)
  • di (1)
  • digit (1)

Author affiliation

  • Winship Cancer Institute (1)

Author department

  • Peds: Children's Hrt Ctr (5)
  • Epidemiology (3)
  • Behav/Soc/Health Educ Sci (1)
  • Environmental Health (1)
  • Global Health (1)
  • Medicine: Nephrology (1)
  • Micro/Immun: Admin (1)
  • Pathology: Admin (1)
  • Physiology: Admin (1)

Search Results for all work with filters:

  • 2016
  • defect
  • technolog

Work 1-10 of 12

Sorted by relevance
  1. 1
  2. 2
>

Article

Serum Endotoxins and Flagellin and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Cohort

by So Yeon Kong; Hao Quang Tran; Andrew Gewirtz; Gail McKeown-Eyssen; Veronika Fedirko; Isabelle Romieu; Anne Tjonneland; Anja Olsen; Kim Overvad; Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault; Nadia Bastide; Aurelie Affret; Tilman Kuhn ; Rudolf Kaaks; Heiner Boeing; Krasimira Aleksandrova; Antonia Trichipoulou; Maria Kritikou; Effie Vasilopoulou; Domenico Palli; Vittorio Krogh; Amalia Mattiello; Rosario Tumino; Alessio Naccarati; H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Petra H. Peeters; Elisabete Weiderpass; J. Ramon Quiros; Nuria Sala; Maria-Jose Sanchez; Jose Maria Huerta Castano; Aurelio Barricarte; Miren Dorronsoro; Marten Werner ; Nicholas J. Wareham; Kay-Tee Khaw; Kathryn E. Bradbury; Heinz Freisling; Faidra Stavropoulou; Pietro Ferrari; Marc J. Gunter; Amanda J. Cross ; Elio Riboli; W. Robert Bruce; Mazda Jenab

2016

Subjects
  • Health Sciences, Oncology
  • Health Sciences, Nutrition
  • Health Sciences, Public Health
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

Background: Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are thought to be involved in colorectal cancer development. These processes may contribute to leakage of bacterial products, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin, across the gut barrier. The objective of this study, nested within a prospective cohort, was to examine associations between circulating LPS and flagellin serum antibody levels and colorectal cancer risk. Methods: A total of 1,065 incident colorectal cancer cases (colon, n = 667; rectal, n = 398) were matched (1:1) to control subjects. Serum flagellin- and LPS-specific IgA and IgG levels were quantitated by ELISA. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for multiple relevant confouding factors. Results: Overall, elevated anti-LPS and anti-flagellin biomarker levels were not associated with colorectal cancer risk. After testing potential interactions by various factors relevant for colorectal cancer risk and anti-LPS and anti-flagellin, sex was identified as a statistically significant interaction factor (Pinteraction < 0.05 for all the biomarkers). Analyses stratified by sex showed a statistically significant positive colorectal cancer risk association for men (fully-adjusted OR for highest vs. lowest quartile for total anti- LPS flagellin, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.10-2.51; Ptrend, 0.049), whereas a borderline statistically significant inverse association was observed for women (fully-adjusted OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.47- 1.02; Ptrend, 0.18). Conclusion: In this prospective study on European populations, we found bacterial exposure levels to be positively associated to colorectal cancer risk among men, whereas in women, a possible inverse association may exist. Impact: Further studies are warranted to better clarify these preliminary observations.

Article

Maternal exposure to traffic-related air pollution and birth defects in Massachusetts

by Mariam S Girguis; Matthew Strickland; Xuefei Hu; Yang Liu; Scott M. Bartell; Veronica M. Vieira

2016

Subjects
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Health Sciences, Public Health
  • Biology, Biostatistics
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

Exposures to particulate matter with diameter of 2.5μm or less (PM2.5) may influence risk of birth defects. We estimated associations between maternal exposure to prenatal traffic-related air pollution and risk of cardiac, orofacial, and neural tube defects among Massachusetts births conceived 2001 through 2008. Our analyses included 2729 cardiac, 255 neural tube, and 729 orofacial defects. We used satellite remote sensing, meteorological and land use data to assess PM2.5 and traffic-related exposures (distance to roads and traffic density) at geocoded birth addresses. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) using logistic regression models. Generalized additive models were used to assess spatial patterns of birth defect risk. There were positive but non-significant associations for a 10μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and perimembranous ventricular septal defects (OR=1.34, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.83), patent foramen ovale (OR=1.19, 95% CI: 0.92, 1.54) and patent ductus arteriosus (OR=1.20, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.62). There was a non-significant inverse association between PM2.5 and cleft lip with or without palate (OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.50, 1.10), cleft palate only (OR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.54, 1.46) and neural tube defects (OR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.46, 1.05). Results for traffic related exposure were similar. Only ostium secundum atrial septal defects displayed significant spatial variation after accounting for known risk factors.

Article

Improving surveillance for the hidden half of fetal-infant mortality: a pilot study of the expansion of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System to include stillbirth

by Lauren Christiansen-Lindquist; Kashika Sahay; Carol J Hogue

2016

Subjects
  • Health Sciences, Public Health
  • Health Sciences, Epidemiology
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

Purpose: In the United States, stillbirths (fetal deaths ≥ 20 weeks' gestation) are now more common than infant deaths. Nationally available data are limited, and little is known about women's experiences around the time of a loss. The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), a state-based survey of women with a recent live birth, could be expanded to include women who experienced a stillbirth. We aimed to determine whether women with a recent stillbirth would be amenable to a PRAMS-like survey. Methods: Eligible women were Georgia residents aged ≥18 years with a reported stillbirth from December 1, 2012-February 28, 2013 identified through fetal death certificates. Women received a handwritten sympathy card, followed by a mailed questionnaire about their health and experiences around the time of the loss. Nonresponders received two additional mailings and up to three phone calls. Results: During the study period, 149 eligible women had a reported stillbirth. Forty-nine (33%) women responded. Excluding women with invalid contact information (n = 26) yields an adjusted response rate of 40%. Response differed by race and/or ethnicity, but not by fetal, delivery, or other maternal characteristics. Conclusions: Women appear willing to respond to a survey regarding a recent stillbirth. Further studies of the expansion of PRAMS to include stillbirth are warranted.

Article

Emerging Research Directions in Adult Congenital Heart Disease A Report From an NHLBI/ACHA Working Group

by Michelle Gurvitz; Kristin M. Burns; Ralph Brindis; Craig S. Broberg; Curt J. Daniels; Stephanie M.P.N. Fuller; Margaret A. Honein; Paul Khairy; Karen S. Kuehl; Michael J. Landzberg; William Mahle; Douglas L. Mann; Ariane Marelli; Jane W. Newburger; Gail D. Pearson; Randall C. Starling; Glenn R. Tringali; Anne Marie Valente; Joseph C. Wu; Robert M. Califf

2016

Subjects
  • Health Sciences, General
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

© 2016 American College of Cardiology Foundation.Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect, affecting about 0.8% of live births. Advances in recent decades have allowed >85% of children with CHD to survive to adulthood, creating a growing population of adults with CHD. Little information exists regarding survival, demographics, late outcomes, and comorbidities in this emerging group, and multiple barriers impede research in adult CHD. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Adult Congenital Heart Association convened a multidisciplinary working group to identify high-impact research questions in adult CHD. This report summarizes the meeting discussions in the broad areas of CHD-related heart failure, vascular disease, and multisystem complications. High-priority subtopics identified included heart failure in tetralogy of Fallot, mechanical circulatory support/transplantation, sudden cardiac death, vascular outcomes in coarctation of the aorta, late outcomes in single-ventricle disease, cognitive and psychiatric issues, and pregnancy.

Article

Droplet digital PCR: A novel method for detection of influenza virus defective interfering particles

by Samantha L. Schwartz; Anice Lowen

2016

Subjects
  • Biology, Virology
  • Biology, Microbiology
  • Health Sciences, Immunology
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

Defective interfering (DI) particles are viruses that carry one or more large, internal deletions in the viral genome. These deletions occur commonly in RNA viruses due to polymerase error and yield incomplete genomes that typically lack essential coding regions. The presence of DI particles in a virus population can have a major impact on the efficiency of viral growth and is an important variable to consider in interpreting experimental results. Herein, we sought to develop a robust methodology for the quantification of DI particles within influenza A virus stocks. We took advantage of reverse transcription followed by droplet digital PCR (RT ddPCR), a highly sensitive and precise technology for determination of template concentrations without the use of a standard curve. Results were compared to those generated using standard RT qPCR. Both assays relied on the use of primers binding to terminal regions conserved in DI gene segments described to date, and internal primers targeting regions typically missing from DI particles. As it has been reported previously, we observed a lower coefficient of variation among technical replicates for ddPCR compared to qPCR. Results furthermore established RT ddPCR as a sensitive and quantitative method for detecting DI gene segments within influenza A virus stocks.

Article

Factors Affecting Length of Postoperative Hospitalization for Pediatric Cardiac Operations in a Large North American Registry (1982-2007)

by Benjamin J. S. al-Haddad; Jeremiah S. Menk; Lazaros Kochilas; Jeffrey M. Vinocur

2016

Subjects
  • Health Sciences, General
  • Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

Surgical treatment of congenital heart disease represents a major cause of pediatric hospitalization and healthcare resource use. Larger centers may provide more efficient care with resulting shorter length of postoperative hospitalization (LOH). Data from 46 centers over 25 years were used to evaluate whether surgical volume was an important determinant of LOH using a competing risk regression strategy that concurrently accounted for deaths, transfers, and discharges with some time interactions. Earlier discharge was more likely for infants and older children compared to neonates [subhazard ratios at postoperative day 6 of 1.64 (99 % confidence interval (CI) 1.57, 1.72) and 2.67 (99 % CI 2.53, 2.80), respectively], but less likely for patients undergoing operations in Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery categories 2, 3, 4, and 5/6 compared to category 1 [subhazard ratios at postoperative day 6 of 0.66 (99 % CI 0.64, 0.68), 0.34 (95 % CI 0.33, 0.35), 0.28 (99 % CI 0.27, 0.30), and 0.10 (99 % CI 0.09, 0.11), respectively] . There was no difference by sex [non-time-dependent subhazard ratio 1.019 (99 % CI 0.995, 1.040)]. For every 100-operation increase in center annual surgical volume, the non-time-dependent subhazard for discharge was 1.035 (99 % CI 1.006, 1.064) times greater, and center-specific exponentiated random effects ranged from 0.70 to 1.42 with a variance of 0.023. The conditional discharge rate increased with increasing age and later era. No sex-specific difference was found. Centers performing more operations discharged patients sooner than lower volume centers, but this difference appears to be too small to be of clinical significance. Interestingly, unmeasured institutional characteristics estimated by the center random effects were variable, suggesting that these played an important role in LOH and merit further investigation.

Article

Trimethoprim-sulfonamide use during the first trimester of pregnancy and the risk of congenital anomalies

by Craig Hansen; Susan E. Andrade; Heatjer Freiman; Sascha Dublin; Katie Haffenreffer; William O. Cooper; T. Craig Cheetham; Sengwee Toh; De-Kun Li; Marsha A. Raebel; Jennifer L. Kuntz; Nancy Perrin; A. Gabriela Rosales; Shelley Carter; Pamela A. Pawloski; Elizabeth M. Maloney; David J. Graham; Leyla Sahin; Pamela E. Scott; John Yap; Robert Davis

2016

Subjects
  • Health Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Health Sciences, Human Development
  • Health Sciences, Pathology
  • Health Sciences, Epidemiology
  • Health Sciences, Pharmacology
  • Health Sciences, Pharmacy
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

Background: Sulfonamide antibacterials are widely used in pregnancy, but evidence about their safety is mixed. The objective of this study was to assess the association between first-trimester sulfonamide exposure and risk of specific congenital malformations. Methods: Mother-infant pairs were selected from a cohort of 1.2 million live-born deliveries (2001-2008) at 11 US health plans comprising the Medication Exposure in Pregnancy Risk Evaluation Program. Mothers with first-trimester trimethoprim-sulfonamide (TMP-SUL) exposures were randomly matched 1:1 to (i) a primary comparison group (mothers exposed to penicillins and/or cephalosporins) and (ii) a secondary comparison group (mothers with no dispensing of an antibacterial, antiprotozoal, or antimalarial medication during the same time period). The outcomes were cardiovascular abnormalities, cleft palate/lip, clubfoot, and urinary tract abnormalities. Results: We first identified 7615 infants in the TMP-SUL exposure group, of which 7595 (99%) were exposed to a combination of TMP-SUL and the remaining 1% to sulfonamides alone. After matching (1:1) to the comparator groups and only including those with complete data on covariates, there were 20064 (n=6688 per group) in the primary analyses. Overall, cardiovascular defects (1.52%) were the most common and cleft lip/palate (0.10%) the least common that were evaluated. Compared with penicillin/cephalosporin exposure, and no antibacterial exposure, TMP-SUL exposure was not associated with statistically significant elevated risks for cardiovascular, cleft lip/palate, clubfoot, or urinary system defects. Conclusions: First-trimester TMP-SUL exposure was not associated with a higher risk of the congenital anomalies studied, compared with exposure to penicillins and/or cephalosporins, or no exposure to antibacterials.

Article

Proportion of selected congenital heart defects attributable to recognized risk factors

by Regina M. Simeone; Sarah C. Tinker; Suzanne M. Gilboa; A.J. Agopian; Matthew Oster; Owen J. Devine; Margaret A. Honein; National Birth Defects Prevention Study

2016

Subjects
  • Health Sciences, Epidemiology
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

Purpose: To assess the contribution of multiple risk factors for two congenital heart defects—hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Methods: We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997–2011) to estimate average adjusted population attributable fractions for several recognized risk factors, including maternal prepregnancy overweight–obesity, pregestational diabetes, age, and infant sex. Results: There were 594 cases of isolated simple HLHS, 971 cases of isolated simple TOF, and 11,829 controls in the analysis. Overall, 57.0% of HLHS cases and 37.0% of TOF cases were estimated to be attributable to risk factors included in our model. Among modifiable HLHS risk factors, maternal pre-pregnancy overweight–obesity accounted for the largest proportion of cases (6.5%). Among modifiable TOF risk factors, maternal prepregnancy overweight–obesity and maternal age of 35 years or older accounted for the largest proportions of cases (8.3% and 4.3%, respectively). Conclusions: Approximately half of HLHS cases and one-third of TOF cases were estimated to be attributable to risk factors included in our models. Interventions targeting factors that can be modified may help reduce the risk of HLHS and TOF development. Additional research into the etiology of HLHS and TOF may reveal other modifiable risk factors that might contribute to primary prevention efforts.

Article

Lessons Learned From Newborn Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Defects

by Matthew Oster; Susan W. Aucott; Jill Glidewell; Jesse Hackell; Lazaros Kochilas; Gerard R. Martin; Julia Phillippi; Nelangi M. Pinto; Annamarie Saarinen; Marci Sontag; Alex R. Kemper

2016

Subjects
  • Health Sciences, Health Care Management
  • Health Sciences, Public Health
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

Newborn screening for critical congenital heart defects (CCHD) was added to the US Recommended Uniform Screening Panel in 2011. Within 4 years, 46 states and the District of Columbia had adopted it into their newborn screening program, leading to CCHD screening being nearly universal in the United States. This rapid adoption occurred while there were still questions about the effectiveness of the recommended screening protocol and barriers to follow-up for infants with a positive screen. In response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention partnered with the American Academy of Pediatrics to convene an expert panel between January and September 2015 representing a broad array of primary care, neonatology, pediatric cardiology, nursing, midwifery, public health, and advocacy communities. The panel's goal was to review current practices in newborn screening for CCHD and to identify opportunities for improvement. In this article, we describe the experience of CCHD screening in the United States with regard to: (1) identifying the target lesions for CCHD screening; (2) optimizing the algorithm for screening; (3) determining state-level challenges to implementation and surveillance of CCHD; (4) educating all stakeholders; (5) performing screening using the proper equipment and in a cost-effective manner; and (6) implementing screening in special settings such as the NICU, out-of-hospital settings, and areas of high altitude.

Article

Impact of Missing Data for Body Mass Index in an Epidemiologic Study

by Hilda Razzaghi; Sarah C. Tinker; Amy H. Herring; Penelope Howards; D. Kim Waller; Candice Y. Johnson

2016

Subjects
  • Health Sciences, Epidemiology
  • Health Sciences, Public Health
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

Objective: To assess the potential impact of missing data on body mass index (BMI) on the association between prepregnancy obesity and specific birth defects. Methods Data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) were analyzed. We assessed the factors associated with missing BMI data among mothers of infants without birth defects. Four analytic methods were then used to assess the impact of missing BMI data on the association between maternal prepregnancy obesity and three birth defects; spina bifida, gastroschisis, and cleft lip with/without cleft palate. The analytic methods were: (1) complete case analysis; (2) assignment of missing values to either obese or normal BMI; (3) multiple imputation; and (4) probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Logistic regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Results Of NBDPS control mothers 4.6 % were missing BMI data, and most of the missing values were attributable to missing height (~90 %). Missing BMI data was associated with birth outside of the US (aOR 8.6; 95 % CI 5.5, 13.4), interview in Spanish (aOR 2.4; 95 % CI 1.8, 3.2), Hispanic ethnicity (aOR 2.0; 95 % CI 1.2, 3.4), and <12 years education (aOR 2.3; 95 % CI 1.7, 3.1). Overall the results of the multiple imputation and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were similar to the complete case analysis. Conclusions Although in some scenarios missing BMI data can bias the magnitude of association, it does not appear likely to have impacted conclusions from a traditional complete case analysis of these data.
  1. 1
  2. 2
>
Site Statistics
  • 28,681
  • Total Works
  • 7,481,685
  • Downloads
  • 98,624
  • Downloads This Year
  • 6,807
  • Faculty Profiles

Copyright © 2016 Emory University - All Rights Reserved
540 Asbury Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322-2870
(404) 727-6861
Privacy Policy | Terms & Conditions

v2.2.8-dev

Contact Us Recent and Popular Items
Download now