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Search Results for all work with filters:

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Article

Dose-Dependent and Lasting Influences of Intranasal Vasopressin on Face Processing in Men

by Daniel Price; Debra Burris; Anna Cloutier; Carol B. Thompson; James Rilling; Richmond R. Thompson

2017

Subjects
  • Psychology, Behavioral
  • Psychology, Social
  • Health Sciences, Public Health
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and related peptides have diverse effects on social behaviors in vertebrates, sometimes promoting affiliative interactions and sometimes aggressive or antisocial responses. The type of influence, in at least some species, depends on social contexts, including the sex of the individuals in the interaction and/or on the levels of peptide within brain circuits that control the behaviors. To determine if AVP promotes different responses to same- and other-sex faces in men, and if those effects are dose dependent, we measured the effects of two doses of AVP on subjective ratings of male and female faces. We also tested if any influences persist beyond the time of drug delivery. When AVP was administered intranasally on an initial test day, 20 IU was associated with decreased social assessments relative to placebo and 40 IU, and some of the effects persisted beyond the initial drug delivery and appeared to generalize to novel faces on subsequent test days. In single men, those influences were most pronounced, but not exclusive, for male faces, whereas in coupled men they were primarily associated with responses to female faces. Similar influences were not observed if AVP was delivered after placebo on a second test day. In a preliminary analysis, the differences in social assessments observed between men who received 20 and 40 IU, which we suggest primarily reflect lowered social assessments induced by the lower dose, appeared most pronounced in subjects who carry what has been identified as a risk allele for the V1a receptor gene. Together, these results suggest that AVP’s effects on face processing, and possibly other social responses, differ according to dose, depend on relationship status, and may be more prolonged than previously recognized.

Article

Differential distribution of serotonin receptor subtypes in BNSTALG neurons: Modulation by unpredictable shock stress

by R. Hazra; Jidong Guo; Joanna Alicja Dabrowska; Donald Rainnie

2012

Subjects
  • Psychology, Behavioral
  • Biology, Neuroscience
  • File Download
  • View on PubMed Central
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) plays a critical role in regulating the behavioral response to stress. Stressors that activate the BNST also activate serotonergic (5-HT) systems. Hence, maladaptive changes of 5-HT receptor expression may contribute to stress-induced anxiety disorders. The BNST contains three neuronal types, Type I – III neurons. However, little is known about 5-HT receptor subtypes mRNA expression in these neurons, or whether it can be modulated by stress. Whole-cell patch clamp recording from Type I – III neurons was used in conjunction with single cell RT-PCR to characterize 5-HT receptor mRNA expression, and examine the effects of stress on this expression. We report that Type I neurons expressed mRNA transcripts predominantly for 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptors. Type II neurons expressed transcripts for every 5-HT receptor except the 5-HT2C receptor. Type II neurons were divided into three sub-populations: Type IIA in which transcripts for 5-HT3 and 5-HT7 receptors predominate, Type IIB that mainly express 5-HT1B and 5-HT4 receptor transcripts, and Type IIC in which transcripts for 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors predominate. Type III neurons were also subdivided into two sub-populations; one that predominantly expressed transcripts for 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B and 5-HT2A receptors, and another that mainly expressed transcripts for 5-HT2C receptor. Unpredictable shock stress (USS) caused a long-lasting increase in anxiety-like behavior, and a concomitant decrease in 5-HT1A transcript expression in Type I – III neurons, as well as an up-regulation of a transcriptional repressor of 5-HT1A gene expression, deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor 1(Deaf-1). Significantly USS decreased 5-HT1A protein level, and increased the level of Deaf-1. USS also increased 5-HT1B transcript expression in Type III neurons, as well as 5-HT7 expression in Type I and II neurons. These data suggest that cell type-specific disruption of 5-HT receptor expression in BNSTALG neurons may contribute to stress-induced anxiety disorders.

Article

A meta-analysis of deep brain structural shape and asymmetry abnormalities in 2,833 individuals with schizophrenia compared with 3,929 healthy volunteers via the ENIGMA Consortium

by Boris A Gutman; Theo GM van Erp; Kathryn Alpert; Christopher RK Ching; Dmitry Isaev; Anjani Ragothaman; Neda Jahanshad; Arvin Saremi; Artemis Zavaliangos-Petropulu; David C Glahn; Li Shen; Shan Cong; Dag Alnæs; Ole A Andreassen; Trung D Nhat; Lars T Westlye; Peter Kochunov; Theodore D Satterthwaite; Daniel H Wolf; Alexander J Huang; Charles Kessler; Andrea Weideman; Dana Nguyen; Bryon A Mueller; Lawrence Faziola; Steven G Potkin; Adrian Preda; Dana H Mathalon; Juan Bustillo; Vince Calhoun; Judith M Ford; Esther Walton; Stefan Ehrlich; Giuseppe Ducci; Nerisa Banaj; Fabrizio Piras; Federica Piras; Gianfranco Spalletta; Erick J Canales‐Rodríguez; Paola Fuentes-Claramonte; Edith Pomarol-Clotet; Joaquim Radua; Raymond Salvador; Salvador Sarro; Erin W Dickie; Aristotle Voineskos; Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez; Benedicto Crespo-Facorro; Esther Setién‐Suero; Jacqueline M van Son; Stefan Borgwardt; Fabienne Schoenborn-Harrisberger; Derek Morris; Gary Donohoe; Laurena Holleran; Dara Cannon; Colm McDonald; Aiden Corvin; Michael Gill; Geraldo Busatto Filho; Pedro GP Rosa; Mauricio H Serpa; Marcus Zanetti; Irina Lebedeva; Vasily Kaleda; Alexander Tomyshev; Tim Crow; Anthony James; Simon Cervenka; Carl M Sellgren; Helena Fatouros-Bergman; Ingrid Agartz; Fleur Howells; Dan J Stein; Henk Temmingh; Anne Uhlmann; Greig de Zubicaray; Katie L McMahon; Margie Wright; Derin Cobia; John G Csernansky; Paul M Thompson; Jessica A Turner; Lei Wang

2021

Subjects
  • Engineering, Biomedical
  • Health Sciences, Mental Health
  • Psychology, Behavioral
  • File Download
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Abstract:Close

Schizophrenia is associated with widespread alterations in subcortical brain structure. While analytic methods have enabled more detailed morphometric characterization, findings are often equivocal. In this meta-analysis, we employed the harmonized ENIGMA shape analysis protocols to collaboratively investigate subcortical brain structure shape differences between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy control participants. The study analyzed data from 2,833 individuals with schizophrenia and 3,929 healthy control participants contributed by 21 worldwide research groups participating in the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. Harmonized shape analysis protocols were applied to each site's data independently for bilateral hippocampus, amygdala, caudate, accumbens, putamen, pallidum, and thalamus obtained from T1-weighted structural MRI scans. Mass univariate meta-analyses revealed more-concave-than-convex shape differences in the hippocampus, amygdala, accumbens, and thalamus in individuals with schizophrenia compared with control participants, more-convex-than-concave shape differences in the putamen and pallidum, and both concave and convex shape differences in the caudate. Patterns of exaggerated asymmetry were observed across the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus in individuals with schizophrenia compared to control participants, while diminished asymmetry encompassed ventral striatum and ventral and dorsal thalamus. Our analyses also revealed that higher chlorpromazine dose equivalents and increased positive symptom levels were associated with patterns of contiguous convex shape differences across multiple subcortical structures. Findings from our shape meta-analysis suggest that common neurobiological mechanisms may contribute to gray matter reduction across multiple subcortical regions, thus enhancing our understanding of the nature of network disorganization in schizophrenia.

Article

Depressive Symptoms at Critical Times in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: Following Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis and Insulin Pump Initiation

by Dayna E. McGill; Lisa K. Volkening; David M. Pober; Andrew Muir; Deborah L. Young-Hyman; Lori M. Laffel

2018

Subjects
  • Psychology, Behavioral
  • Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

Purpose: Depressive symptoms occur at various times during the life cycle in persons with type 1 diabetes. We investigated depressive symptoms prospectively in youth with new-onset type 1 diabetes and in those beginning pump therapy. Methods: Youth with type 1 diabetes (N = 96), ages 10–17 years, completed the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) at baseline and at 1, 6, and 12 months after diabetes onset or pump start; scores ≥13 indicated clinical elevation. The change in depressive symptoms and the association between CDI score and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level were assessed over 1 year. Results: The new-onset group (n = 54) had an HbA1c level of 11.4% ± 2.5%. The pump group (n = 42) had a diabetes duration of 4.1 ± 3.4 years and an HbA1c level of 8.3% ± 1.3%. The baseline median CDI was 5.0 in both groups and remained low over time (ranging from 2.0 to 3.5). Most youth (new onset 72%, pump 81%) scored <13 at all times. Those with a CDI score of ≥13 in month 1 had 9-fold (95% confidence interval: 3–28) and 11-fold (95% confidence interval: 3–38) higher risks of CDI score of ≥13 at 6 and 12 months, respectively, than those with a CDI score of <13. New-onset youth with a CDI score of ≥13 in month 1 had a higher HbA1c level at 6 months (8.3% ± 1.7%) than new-onset youth with a CDI score of <13 (7.2% ± 1.6%, p =.04). Conclusions: CDI scores over 1 year were similar in the new-onset and pump groups. Youth with elevated CDI in the first month after diagnosis or pump start were significantly more likely to have a CDI score of ≥13 at 6 or 12 months, supporting recommendations to screen for depressive symptoms because of persistence over time. Those with new-onset diabetes and depressive symptoms in the first month had higher HbA1c at 6 months; confirmatory research is needed.

Article

Variation in vasopressin receptor (Avpr1 a) expression creates diversity in behaviors related to monogamy in prairie voles

by Catherine E. Barrett; Alaine C. Keebaugh; Todd H. Ahern; Caroline E. Bass; Ernest F. Terwilliger; Larry Young

2013

Subjects
  • Psychology, Behavioral
  • Biology, Neuroscience
  • File Download
  • View Abstract

Abstract:Close

Polymorphisms in noncoding regions of the vasopressin 1a receptor gene (Avpr1a) are associated with a variety of socioemotional characteristics in humans, chimpanzees, and voles, and may impact behavior through a site-specific variation in gene expression. The socially monogamous prairie vole offers a unique opportunity to study such neurobiological control of individual differences in complex behavior. Vasopressin 1a receptor (V1aR) signaling is necessary for the formation of the pair bond in males, and prairie voles exhibit greater V1aR binding in the reward-processing ventral pallidum than do asocial voles of the same genus. Diversity in social behavior within prairie voles has been correlated to natural variation in neuropeptide receptor expression in specific brain regions. Here we use RNA interference to examine the causal relationship between intraspecific variation in V1aR and behavioral outcomes, by approximating the degree of naturalistic variation in V1aR expression. Juvenile male prairie voles were injected with viral vectors expressing shRNA sequences targeting Avpr1a mRNA into the ventral pallidum. Down-regulation of pallidal V1aR density resulted in a significant impairment in the preference for a mated female partner and a reduction in anxiety-like behavior in adulthood. No effect on alloparenting was detected. These data demonstrate that within-species naturalistic-like variation in V1aR expression has a profound effect on individual differences in social attachment and emotionality. RNA interference may prove to be a useful technique to unite the fields of behavioral ecology and neurogenetics to perform ethologically relevant studies of the control of individual variation and offer insight into the evolutionary mechanisms leading to behavioral diversity.

Article

Understanding How Grammatical Aspect Influences Legal Judgment

by Andrew Sherrill; Anita Eerland; Rolf A. Zwaan; Joseph P. Magliano

2015

Subjects
  • Literature, General
  • Speech Communication
  • Psychology, Behavioral
  • File Download
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Abstract:Close

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Recent evidence suggests that grammatical aspect can bias how individuals perceive criminal intentionality during discourse comprehension. Given that criminal intentionality is a common criterion for legal definitions (e.g., first-degree murder), the present study explored whether grammatical aspect may also impact legal judgments. In a series of four experiments participants were provided with a legal definition and a description of a crime in which the grammatical aspect of provocation and murder events were manipulated. Participants were asked to make a decision (first- vs. second-degree murder) and then indicate factors that impacted their decision. Findings suggest that legal judgments can be affected by grammatical aspect but the most robust effects were limited to temporal dynamics (i.e., imperfective aspect results in more murder actions than perfective aspect), which may in turn influence other representational systems (i.e., number of murder actions positively predicts perceived intentionality). In addition, findings demonstrate that the influence of grammatical aspect on situation model construction and evaluation is dependent upon the larger linguistic and semantic context. Together, the results suggest grammatical aspect has indirect influences on legal judgments to the extent that variability in aspect changes the features of the situation model that align with criteria for making legal judgments.

Article

Functional evaluation of a PTSD-associated genetic variant: estradiol regulation and ADCYAP1R1

by K. B. Mercer; Brian Dias; David Shafer; S. A. Maddox; Jennifer Mulle; P. Hu; J. Walton; Kerry Ressler

2016

Subjects
  • Biology, Genetics
  • Psychology, Behavioral
  • Health Sciences, Epidemiology
  • File Download
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Abstract:Close

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects 5-10% percent of the US adult population with a higher prevalence among women compared with men. Although it remains unclear how biological sex associates with susceptibility to PTSD, one mechanism may involve a role for estrogen in a gene by environment interaction. We previously demonstrated a sex-dependent association between the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type 1 receptor (PAC1) and PTSD, where carriers of a C allele at single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2267735 within the PAC1 receptor gene (ADCYAP1R1) have increased symptoms of PTSD. This SNP is located within a predicted estrogen response element (ERE), which regulates gene transcription when bound to estradiol (E2) activated estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). In the current study, we examined E2 regulation of ADCYAP1R1 in vitro, in cell culture, and in vivo in mice and humans. We find in mice that fear conditioning and E2 additively increase ADCYAP1R1 expression. In vitro, we show that E2/ERα binds to the ADCYAP1R1 ERE, with less efficient binding to an ERE containing the C allele of rs2267735. In women with low serum E2, the CC genotype associates with lower ADCYAP1R1 expression, which further associates with higher PTSD symptoms. These findings lead to a model in which E2 induces the expression of ADCYAP1R1 through binding of ERα at the ERE as an adaptive response to stress. Inhibition of E2/ERα binding to the ERE containing the rs2267735 risk allele results in reduced expression of ADCYAP1R1, diminishing estrogen regulation as an adaptive stress response and increasing risk for PTSD.

Article

Behavioral Effects of SQSTM1/p62 Overexpression in Mice: Support for a Mitochondrial Role in Depression and Anxiety

by M. Lamar Seibenhener; Ting Zhao; Yifeng Du; Luis Calderilla-Barbosa; Jin Yan; Jianxiong Jiang; Marie W. Wooten; Michael C. Wooten

2013

Subjects
  • Health Sciences, Mental Health
  • Psychology, Behavioral
  • Health Sciences, General
  • View on PubMed Central
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Affective spectrum and anxiety disorders have come to be recognized as the most prevalently diagnosed psychiatric disorders. Among a suite of potential causes, changes in mitochondrial energy metabolism and function have been associated with such disorders. Thus, proteins that specifically change mitochondrial functionality could be identified as molecular targets for drugs related to treatment for affective spectrum disorders. Here, we report generation of transgenic mice overexpressing the scaffolding and mitophagy related protein Sequestosome1 (SQSTM1/p62) or a single point mutant (P392L) in the UBA domain of SQSTM1/p62. We show that overexpression of SQSTM1/p62 increases mitochondrial energy output and improves transcription factor import into the mitochondrial matrix. These elevated levels of mitochondrial functionality correlate directly with discernible improvements in mouse behaviors related to affective spectrum and anxiety disorders. We also describe how overexpression of SQSTM1/p62 improves spatial learning and long term memory formation in these transgenic mice. These results suggest that SQSTM1/p62 provides an attractive target for therapeutic agents potentially suitable for the treatment of anxiety and affective spectrum disorders.

Article

Inflammatory response to mental stress and mental stress induced myocardial ischemia

by Muhammad Hammadah; Samaah Sullivan; Bradley Pearce; Ibhar Al Mheid; Kobina Wilmot; Ronnie Ramadan; Ayman Samman Tahhan; Wesley T. O'Neal; Malik Obideen; Ayman Alkhoder; Naser Abdelhadi; Heval Mohamed Kelli; Mohamad Mazen Ghafeer; Pratik Pimple; Pratik Sandesara; Amit Shah; Kareem Mohammed Hosny; Laura Ward; Yi-An Ko; Yan Sun; Lei Weng; Michael Kutner; J. Douglas Bremner; David S. Sheps; Fabio Esteves; Paolo Raggi; Laura Vaccarino; Arshed Quyyumi

2018

Subjects
  • Health Sciences, Immunology
  • Biology, Neuroscience
  • Psychology, Behavioral
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Background: Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) is associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, yet the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We measured the inflammatory response to acute laboratory mental stress in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its association with MSIMI. We hypothesized that patients with MSIMI would have a higher inflammatory response to mental stress in comparison to those without ischemia. Methods: Patients with stable CAD underwent 99mTc sestamibi myocardial perfusion imaging during mental stress testing using a public speaking stressor. MSIMI was determined as impaired myocardial perfusion using a 17-segment model. Inflammatory markers including interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured at rest and 90 min after mental stress. Results were validated in an independent sample of 228 post-myocardial infarction patients. Results: Of 607 patients analyzed in this study, (mean age 63 ± 9 years, 76% male), 99 (16.3%) developed MSIMI. Mental stress resulted in a significant increase in IL-6, MCP-1, and MMP-9 (all p <0.0001), but not hsCRP. However, the changes in these markers were similar in those with and without MSIMI. Neither resting levels of these biomarkers, nor their changes with mental stress were significantly associated with MSIMI. Results in the replication sample were similar. Conclusion: Mental stress is associated with acute increases in several inflammatory markers. However, neither the baseline inflammatory status nor the magnitude of the inflammatory response to mental stress over 90 min were significantly associated with MSIMI.

Article

CRF receptors in the nucleus accumbens modulate partner preference in prairie voles

by Miranda M. Lim; Yan Liu; Andrey E. Ryabinin; Yaohui Bai; Zuoxin Wang; Larry J. Young

2007

Subjects
  • Biology, Neuroscience
  • Psychology, Behavioral
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Recent evidence suggests a role for corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the regulation of pair bonding in prairie voles. We have previously shown that monogamous and non-monogamous vole species have dramatically different distributions of CRF receptor type 1 (CRF1) and CRF receptor type 2 (CRF2) in the brain, and that CRF1 and CRF2 receptor densities in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) are correlated with social organization. Monogamous prairie and pine voles have significantly lower levels of CRF receptor type 1 (CRF1), and significantly higher levels of type 2 (CRF2) binding, in NAcc than non-monogamous meadow and montane voles. Here, we report that microinjections of CRF directly into the NAcc accelerate partner preference formation in male prairie voles. Control injections of CSF into NAcc, and CRF into caudate-putamen, did not facilitate partner preference. Likewise, CRF injections into NAcc of non-monogamous meadow voles also did not facilitate partner preference. In prairie voles, this CRF-facilitation effect was blocked by co-injection of either CRF1 or CRF2 receptor antagonists into NAcc. Immunocytochemical staining for CRF and Urocortin-1 (Ucn-1), two endogenous ligands for CRF1 or CRF2 receptors in the brain, revealed that CRF, but not Ucn-1, immunoreactive fibers were present in NAcc. This supports the hypothesis that local CRF release into NAcc could activate CRF1 or CRF2 receptors in the region. Taken together, our results reveal a novel role for accumbal CRF systems in social behavior.
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