Vaccine value profile for norovirus

• Authors: George Armah, University of Ghana; Ben Lopman, Emory University; Jan Vinjé, centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Miguel O'Ryan, University of Chile; Claudio F. Lanata, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional; Michelle Groome, University of the Witwatersrand; Jared Ovitt, University of Nevada, Reno; Caroline Marshall, World Health Organization; Elizabeth Sajewski, Emory University; Mark S. Riddle, University of Nevada, Reno
• Journal Title: Vaccine
• Volume: Volume 41, Number Suppl 2
• Publisher: Elsevier | 2023-10-06, Pages S134-S152
• Type of Work: Article | Post-print: After Peer Review
• Publisher DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.034
• Subjects: Health Sciences, Public Health; Biology, Virology
• Keywords: Vaccines; Policy; Global Health; Vaccine value

Abstract

Norovirus is attributed to nearly 1 out of every 5 episodes of diarrheal disease globally and is estimated to cause approximately 200,000 deaths annually worldwide, with 70,000 or more among children in developing countries. Noroviruses remain a leading cause of sporadic disease and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis even in industrialized settings, highlighting that improved hygiene and sanitation alone may not be fully effective in controlling norovirus. Strengths in global progress towards a Norovirus vaccine include a diverse though not deep pipeline which includes multiple approaches, including some with proven technology platforms (e.g., VLP-based HPV vaccines). However, several gaps in knowledge persist, including a fulsome mechanistic understanding of how the virus attaches to human host cells, internalizes, and induces disease.