Interpreting alignment to the EAT‐Lancet diet using dietary intakes of lactating mothers in rural Western Kenya

• Authors: Wilhemina Quarpong, Emory University; Samson Wakoli, Taraund Consulting Group, Bungoma Kenya; Shadrack Oiye, Intergovernmental Authority on Development, Djibouti; Anne Williams, Emory University
• Journal Title: Maternal and Child Nutrition
• Volume: Volume 19, Number 3
• Publisher: Wiley Open Access | 2023-07-01
• Type of Work: Article | Final Publisher PDF
• Publisher DOI: http://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13512
• Subjects: Health Sciences, Nutrition; Health Sciences, Public Health
• Keywords: diet cost; EAT‐Lancet reference diet; healthy diet; Kenya; lactating mothers' diet; mothers' body mass index; mothers' energy intake

Abstract

The EAT‐Lancet reference diet intends to be good for planetary and human health. We compared single multiple pass method 24‐h dietary intake of mothers (n = 242) from a cross‐sectional study in Western Kenya to the recommended range of intake of 11 EAT‐Lancet food groups (e.g., 0–100 g/day legumes; maximum score 11), defining alignment two ways: daily intake among food groups where a minimum intake of 0 g was either acceptable or unacceptable. Ordinal logistic regression models assessed associations between alignment and body mass index (BMI). Cost of mothers' diets and hypothetical diets within recommended ranges (lower bounds >0 g) were estimated using food price data from markets within the mothers' locality. Mean energy intake was 1827 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1731–1924) kcal/day. Relative to the EAT‐Lancet diet, mothers' diets were on average higher for grains; within recommendations for tubers, fish, beef and dairy; closer to lower bounds for chicken, eggs, legumes and nuts; and lower for fruits and vegetables. Mean (95% CI) alignment scores were 8.2 (8.0–8.3) when 0 g intakes were acceptable and 1.7 (1.6–1.9) otherwise. No significant associations were found between alignment and BMI. Mothers' diets and hypothetical diets within recommended ranges averaged 184.6 KES (1.6 USD) and 357.5 KES (3.0 USD)/person/day, respectively. Lactating mothers' diets were not diverse and diverged from the reference diet when an intake of 0 g was considered unacceptable. Lower bound intakes of 0 g for micronutrient‐dense food groups are inappropriate in food‐insecure populations. It would likely cost more than mothers currently spend to tailor their diets to the EAT‐Lancet reference diet.