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Author Notes:

Nicholas Hutchings, nicholas.hutchings@uci.edu

The authors gratefully acknowledge Drs Gregory Gerasimov, Lusine Kalantaryan and Suren Amiryan; teachers and clinicians throughout Armenia who served as site coordinators; the staff of the MD/MS joint degree programme of Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons; and the study participants. Financial support: This study was made possible with support from the MD/MS in Biomedical Sciences (Global & Population Health Focus) of the Columbia University Center for Global and Population Health, and from Boston Medical Center and Iodine Global Network, with additional support from the Fulbright US Student Program, the John & Hasmik Foundation, and the Anna and Hirair Hovnanian Foundation, and with the collaboration of the Ministries of Health, of Education and Science, and of Territorial Affairs of the Republic of Armenia. The funding agencies had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article. Conflicts of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Authorship: N.H. designed the study, led the research team, conducted analysis of data and drafted the manuscript; E.A. provided local academic and logistical support; S.B., M.Q. and C.S. were members of the research team who conducted the study; X.H. and L.B. conducted laboratory analyses of the samples; F.v.d.H. provided guidance in study design and assisted with data analysis and drafting the manuscript; J.P.B. provided academic oversight, assisted with design of the study, analysis of data and drafting the manuscript. Ethics of human subject participation: This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving human subjects were approved by the Human Research Protection Office of Columbia University and the Ethics Committee of Yerevan State Medical University. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Verbal consent was witnessed and formally recorded.

Subjects:

Keywords:

  • Science & Technology
  • Life Sciences & Biomedicine
  • Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
  • Nutrition & Dietetics
  • Armenia
  • Iodine nutrition
  • Universal salt iodization
  • Population iodine intake apportionment
  • SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN
  • URINARY
  • FORTIFICATION
  • POPULATIONS
  • EXCRETION

Constituent analysis of iodine intake in Armenia

Tools:

Journal Title:

PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION

Volume:

Volume 21, Number 16

Publisher:

, Pages 2982-2988

Type of Work:

Article | Final Publisher PDF

Abstract:

Objective We sought to assess the universal salt iodization (USI) strategy in Armenia by characterizing dietary iodine intake from naturally occurring iodine, salt-derived iodine in processed foods and salt-derived iodine in household-prepared foods.Design Using a cross-sectional cluster survey model, we collected urine samples which were analysed for iodine and sodium concentrations (UIC and UNaC) and household salt samples which were analysed for iodine concentration (SI). SI and UNaC data were used as explanatory variables in multiple linear regression analyses with UIC as dependent variable, and the regression parameters were used to estimate the iodine intake sources attributable to native iodine and iodine from salt in processed foods and household salt.Setting Armenia is naturally iodine deficient; in 2004, the government mandated a USI strategy.Subjects We recruited school-age children (SAC), pregnant women (PW) and non-pregnant women of reproductive age (WRA).Results From thirteen sites covering all provinces, sufficient urine and table salt samples were obtained from 312 SAC, 311 PW and 332 WRA. Findings revealed significant differences between groups: contribution of native iodine ranged from 81% in PW to 46% in SAC, while household salt-derived iodine contributed from 19% in SAC to 1% in PW.Conclusions Differences between groups may reflect differences in diet. In all groups, household and processed food salt constituted a significant part of total iodine intake, highlighting the success and importance of USI in ensuring iodine sufficiency. There appears to be leeway to reduce salt intake without adversely affecting the iodine status of the population in Armenia.

Copyright information:

© The Authors 2018

This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
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