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Author Notes:

H. Luo, hanqi.luo@emory.edu

The authors’ responsibilities were as follows – all authors: contributed to developing the idea of the paper; HL: developed the R package and wrote the paper; JG: developed the SAS macro, provided writing assistance, and developed the R package and SAS macro tutorials; MZ: edited the paper and provided insights; EN: assisted the tutorials; FS, AW: provided useful insights; MFY, PS: provided overall guidance on the project; and all authors: critically revised the manuscript and approved the final version.

We thank all members of the BRINDA working group who helped in developing the BRINDA inflammation adjustment method. We also thank Charles D Arnold, Kevin Tang, Yaw O Addo, Lucas Gosdin, Yvonne Goh, and Joanne E Arsenault for the extensive testing of the package and SAS macro and Rochelle Werner for the editing support.

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Subject:

Research Funding:

Supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, HarvestPlus, and the United States Agency for International Development. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Keywords:

  • Science & Technology
  • Life Sciences & Biomedicine
  • Nutrition & Dietetics
  • micronutrients
  • inflammation adjustment
  • software
  • BRINDA
  • TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR CONCENTRATIONS
  • NUTRITIONAL DETERMINANTS
  • REFLECTING INFLAMMATION
  • ANEMIA
  • FERRITIN
  • PLASMA

A Practical Guide to Adjust Micronutrient Biomarkers for Inflammation Using the BRINDA Method

Tools:

Journal Title:

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

Volume:

Volume 153, Number 4

Publisher:

, Pages 1265-1272

Type of Work:

Article | Post-print: After Peer Review

Abstract:

The Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) research group was formed over a decade ago to improve the interpretation of micronutrient biomarkers in settings with inflammation. The BRINDA inflammation adjustment method uses regression correction to adjust for the confounding effects of inflammation on select micronutrient biomarkers and has provided important insights to micronutrient research, policy, and programming. However, users may face challenges when applying the BRINDA inflammation adjustment methods to their own data due to varying guidance on the adjustment approach for different biomarkers and the need to develop statistical programming to conduct these analyses. This may result in lost opportunities to have results of micronutrient data readily available during critical decision-making periods. Our research objectives are to 1) provide an all-in-one summary of the BRINDA method in adjusting multiple micronutrient biomarkers for inflammation, 2) evaluate whether malaria as a binary variable should be included in the BRINDA inflammation adjustment method, and 3) present standardized and user-friendly BRINDA adjustment R package and SAS macro. This paper serves as a practical guidebook for the BRINDA inflammation adjustment approach and aids users to use the BRINDA R package and SAS to streamline their analyses.

Copyright information:

This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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