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Author Notes:

Zefeng Zhang, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mail Stop S107-1,Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. Email: hwv0@cdc.gov

Zefeng Zhang, Henry S. Kahn, and Quanhe Yang conceived and designed the study. Zefeng Zhang and Quanhe Yang analyzed the data; Zefeng Zhang and Quanhe Yang produced the figures and tables. Zefeng Zhang, Henry S. Kahn, Sandra L. Jackson, Euridice Martinez Steele, Cathleen Gillespie, and Quanhe Yang interpreted the data. Zefeng Zhang and Henry S. Kahn searched the literature and wrote the first draft, with insightful contributions from Sandra L. Jackson, Euridice Martinez Steele, Cathleen Gillespie, and Quanhe Yang. All authors contributed to the revision of the first draft and reviewed and approved the final version of the paper.

We would like to thank the staff and participants in NHANES 2011 through 2016 for their hard work and dedication. We also warmly thank our colleagues from Brazil for the development of Nova classification system. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data described in the manuscript, code book, and analytic code will be made available pending email request to corresponding author.

The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Subjects:

Keywords:

  • Science & Technology
  • Life Sciences & Biomedicine
  • Endocrinology & Metabolism
  • Nutrition & Dietetics
  • SAGITTAL ABDOMINAL DIAMETER
  • CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH
  • CONSUMPTION
  • IMPACT
  • RISK

Associations between ultra- or minimally processed food intake and three adiposity indicators among US adults: NHANES 2011 to 2016

Tools:

Journal Title:

OBESITY

Volume:

Volume 30, Number 9

Publisher:

, Pages 1887-1897

Type of Work:

Article | Post-print: After Peer Review

Abstract:

Objective: Ultraprocessed food (UPF) intake is associated with BMI, but effects on regional adipose depots or related to minimally processed food (MPF) intake are unknown. Methods: Data included 12,297 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011 to 2016. This study analyzed associations between usual percentage of kilocalories from UPFs and MPFs and three adiposity indicators: supine sagittal abdominal diameter to height ratio (SADHtR, estimates visceral adiposity); waist circumference to height ratio (WHtR, estimates abdominal adiposity); and BMI, using linear and multinomial logistic regression. Results: Standardized β coefficients per 10% increase in UPF intake were 0.0926, 0.0846, and 0.0791 for SADHtR, WHtR, and BMI, respectively (all p < 0.001; p > 0.26 for pairwise differences). For MPF intake, the β coefficients were −0.0901, −0.0806, and −0.0688 (all p < 0.001; p > 0.18 pairwise). Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for adiposity tertile 3 versus tertile 1 (comparing UPF intake quartiles 2, 3, and 4 to quartile 1) were 1.33 (1.22-1.45), 1.67 (1.43-1.95), and 2.24 (1.76-2.86), respectively, for SADHtR; 1.31 (1.19-1.44), 1.62 (1.37-1.91), and 2.13 (1.63-2.78), respectively, for WHtR; and 1.27 (1.16-1.39), 1.53 (1.31-1.79), and 1.96 (1.53-2.51), respectively, for BMI. MPF intake showed inverse associations with similar trends in association strength. Conclusions: Among US adults, abdominal and visceral adiposity indictors were positively associated with UPFs and inversely associated with MPFs.
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