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Author Notes:

Rishi K. Jaiswal, rishijai24@gmail.com

Conceptualization, R.K.J. and S.L.G.; writing—original draft preparation, R.K.J. and S.L.G.; writing—review and editing, R.K.J., S.L.G. supervision, R.K.J. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Subject:

Keywords:

  • COVID-19

An Assessment of the Bivalent Vaccine as a Second Booster for COVID-19

Tools:

Journal Title:

Vaccines

Volume:

Volume 11, Number 1

Publisher:

Type of Work:

Article | Final Publisher PDF

Abstract:

In the USA, two monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are primarily used for vaccination. One is BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech, Comirnaty) and the other is mRNA-1273 (Moderna, Spikevax); they are administered in two doses and used in the primary series of the vaccine, as well as being the single dose in their first booster [1]. Both mRNA vaccines were initially approved under emergency use authorization (EUA) and recently received full licensing by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Both of the mRNA monovalent vaccines are based on the Wuhan strain (ancestral) spike mRNA. In their primary vaccination series, mRNA-1273 was administered in two doses of 100 μg, while BNT162b2 was administered at 30 μg. Both the vaccines’ efficacies were more than 90%, with a durability of 5–6 months after administration [2,3]. The first booster was recommended following the continuing emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 variant after six months of their primary vaccination series. The mRNA-1273 booster was administered as a 50 μg dose (half the initial dose) due to safety concerns, and BNT162b2 was administered as 30 μg. However, the mRNA vaccine effectiveness against the more recent Omicron subvariant BA.4/BA.5 was jeopardized even after getting the first booster [4,5,6]. In the USA, to identify and track novel SARS-CoV-2 variants, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) uses genomic surveillance data, and it was suggested that on 26 November 2022 that the previous Omicron subvariant BA.5 was quickly displaced by dominant BQ.1, BQ1.1., and BF.7 subvariants

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© 2022 by the authors.

This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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