Mass Spectrometry, Structural Analysis, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Photo-Cross-Linked Human Albumin Hydrogels

• Authors: Shahriar Sharifi, Michigan State University; Amir Ata Saei, Karolinska Institutet; Hassan Gharibi, Karolinska Institutet; Nouf N Mahmoud, Michigan State University; Shannon Harkins, Michigan State University; Naruphorn Dararatana, Michigan State University; Erika M Lisabeth, Michigan State University; Vahid Serpooshan, Emory University; Ákos Végvári, Karolinska Institutet; Anna Moore, Michigan State University; Morteza Mahmoudi, Michigan State University
• Journal Title: ACS Applied Bio Materials
• Volume: Volume 5, Number 6
• Publisher: ACS Publications | 2022-06-20, Pages 2643-2663
• Type of Work: Article | Post-print: After Peer Review
• Publisher DOI: http://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.2c00109
• Subjects: Health Sciences, Radiology; Health Sciences, Pharmacology
• Keywords: albumin; hydrogels; inflammatory pathways; mass spectrometry; non-immunogenic; photocurable gels; structural analysis; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Biocompatible Materials; Humans; Hydrogels; Mass Spectrometry; Serum Albumin, Human

Abstract

Albumin-based hydrogels offer unique benefits such as biodegradability and high binding affinity to various biomolecules, which make them suitable candidates for biomedical applications. Here, we report a non-immunogenic photocurable human serum-based (HSA) hydrogel synthesized by methacryloylation of human serum albumin by methacrylic anhydride (MAA). We used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, as well as size exclusion chromatography to evaluate the extent of modification, hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation of methacrylated albumin macromer and its cross-linked hydrogels. The impacts of methacryloylation and cross-linking on alteration of inflammatory response and toxicity were evaluated in vitro using brain-derived HMC3 macrophages and Ex-Ovo chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Results revealed that the lysines in HSA were the primary targets reacting with MAA, though modification of cysteine, threonine, serine, and tyrosine, with MAA was also confirmed. Both methacrylated HSA and its derived hydrogels were nontoxic and did not induce inflammatory pathways, while significantly reducing macrophage adhesion to the hydrogels; one of the key steps in the process of foreign body reaction to biomaterials. Cytokine and growth factor analysis showed that albumin-based hydrogels demonstrated anti-inflammatory response modulating cellular events in HMC3 macrophages. Ex-Ovo results also confirmed the biocompatibility of HSA macromer and hydrogels along with slight angiogenesis-modulating effects. Photocurable albumin hydrogels may be used as a non-immunogenic platform for various biomedical applications including passivation coatings.