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Author Notes:

Inkyu Han, inkyu.han@temple.edu; Tel.: +1-215-204-4766

Conceptualization, I.H., J.Y.S. and H.A.-H.; methodology, I.H., J.Y.S. and H.A.-H.; validation, I.H. and J.Y.S.; formal analysis, D.B.B., P.P., V.Y., P.E.D. and M.A.; investigation, I.H. and J.Y.S.; resources, I.H., J.Y.S. and D.B.B.; data curation, I.H., J.Y.S., D.B.B., P.P., V.Y., P.E.D. and M.A.; writing—original draft preparation, I.H. and J.Y.S.; writing—review and editing, I.H., J.Y.S., D.B.B., P.P., V.Y., P.E.D., M.A. and Y.-Y.C.; visualization, I.H. and J.Y.S.; supervision, I.H. and J.Y.S.; project administration, I.H. and J.Y.S.; funding acquisition, I.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

The authors would like to thank nail salon owners and nail salon associations in NY and NJ for their cooperation and support.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Research Funding:

This research was funded, in part, by the National Institute Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) (grant # R21ES031795) and by a Pilot award (PI: IH) from Gulf Coast Center for Precision Environmental Health (GC-CPEH), a NIEHS P30 Environmental Health Sciences Core Center (grant # P30ES030285) at Baylor College of Medicine and The APC was funded by Temple University College of Public Health.

Keywords:

  • Science & Technology
  • Life Sciences & Biomedicine
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
  • Environmental Sciences & Ecology
  • phthalates
  • volatile organic compounds
  • community organizations
  • nail salons
  • OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE
  • SILICONE WRISTBANDS
  • HEALTH
  • COSMETOLOGISTS
  • CALIFORNIA
  • OUTCOMES
  • WORKERS
  • COUNTY

Evaluating Indoor Air Phthalates and Volatile Organic Compounds in Nail Salons in the Greater New York City Area: A Pilot Study

Tools:

Journal Title:

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH

Volume:

Volume 19, Number 19

Publisher:

Type of Work:

Article | Final Publisher PDF

Abstract:

The Greater New York City area ranks highest in the United States in the number of nail salon technicians, primarily Asian immigrant women. Nail salon technicians are exposed to toxic phthalates and volatile organic compounds daily in nail salons. The purpose of this pilot study was to measure a mixture of phthalates and volatile organic compounds in nail salons in the Greater New York City area, and to characterize work-related determinants of indoor air quality in these nail salons. Working with four Asian nail salon organizations in the Greater New York City area, we measured indoor air phthalates and volatile organic compounds at 20 nail salons from February to May 2021 using silicone wristbands and passive samplers, respectively. Nail salon characteristics were also examined. We measured six phthalates and 31 volatile organic compounds. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and Diethyl phthalate had the highest concentrations among the six phthalates measured. Concentrations of toluene, d-limonene, methyl methacrylate, and ethyl methacrylate were higher than that of the rest. Manicure/pedicure tables, the number of customers per day, and application of artificial nail (acrylic) services were positively associated with the levels of phthalates and volatile organic compounds. Given the large number of people employed in the nail industry and the even larger number of customers visiting such establishments, exposures to these toxic chemicals are likely to be widespread.

Copyright information:

© 2022 by the authors.

This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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