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Dr. Rama Amara. Phone: (404) 727-8765; FAX: (404) 727-7768. Email: ramara@emory.edu
S.A.R. and B.Y. designed research, performed research, analyzed and interpreted the data, and wrote the manuscript. A.P.B. and K.N.M. designed research, performed research. S.W. performed qPCR analyses of SIV RNA and DNA in monkey samples. T.H.V. supervised the qPCR analyses of SIV RNA and DNA in monkey samples. G.J.F. synthesized primatized PD-1 mAb and provided helpful discussions regarding the study design. R.R.A. conceived the study. R.A. and R.R.A. designed the research and interpreted data throughout the study. R.R.A. supervised the research and wrote the manuscript.
We thank S. Ehnert, J. Sherrie, and all the veterinary staff at Yerkes for animal care; L. Shan and CFAR virology core for viral RNA and CA SIV DNA analysis; and K. Gill, B. Cervasi, and CFAR immunology core for help with flow cytometry. The SIVmac239 strain used to infect the RMs was provided by G. Silvestri at Emory University School of Medicine, and anti-Gag tetramers were provided by NIH Tetramer Core Facility at Emory. We thank R. Wang and K. Reimann at the University of Massachusetts Medical School for the RM constant regions of the IgG4 used in EH12 (anti-PD-1) mAb. We thank V. Velu for constructive discussion.
R.A., G.J.F., and R.R.A. are co-inventors of PD-1 technology that has been licensed to Genentech by Emory University. G.J.F. has patents/pending royalties on the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway from Roche, Merck MSD, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Merck KGA, Boehringer-Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Dako, Leica, Mayo Clinic, and Novartis. G.J.F. has served on advisory boards for Roche, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Xios, Origimed, Triursus, iTeos, NextPoint, IgM, Jubilant, and GV20. G.J.F. has equity in Nextpoint, Triursus, Xios, iTeos, IgM, and GV20. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
This work was supported by the NIH R37AI112787 to R.R.A., P01AI056299 to G.J.F., NCRR/NIH base grant P51 OD011132 to Yerkes National Primate Research Center; and Emory CFAR grant P30 AI050409.
S.A.R. and B.Y. are the recipients of AIDS Vaccine 200 fellowship award.
This research project was supported in part by the Emory University Integrated Cellular Imaging Microscopy Core.