Prevalence of Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma in the Last 20 Years: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

• Authors: Nan Zhang, Central South University; Jiaxing Wang, Emory University; Biyue Chen, Central South University; Ying Li, Emory University; Bing Jiang, Central South University
• Journal Title: FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
• Volume: Volume 7
• Publisher: FRONTIERS MEDIA SA | 2021-01-18, Pages 624179-624179
• Type of Work: Article | Final Publisher PDF
• Publisher DOI: http://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.624179
• Subjects: Health Sciences, Opthamology
• Keywords: Science & Technology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Medicine, General & Internal; General & Internal Medicine; glaucoma; prevalence; PACG; risk factor; age; gender; Asia; POPULATION-BASED-SURVEY; ANTERIOR-CHAMBER-DEPTH; CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY; RISK-FACTORS; CHINESE POPULATION; INDIAN POPULATION; RURAL-POPULATION; ADULT CHINESE; URBAN; SINGAPORE

Abstract

Purpose: This meta-analysis aims to investigate the worldwide prevalence of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and its risk factors in the last 20 years. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 37 population-based studies and 144,354 subjects. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for cross-sectional or cohort studies published in the last 20 years (2000–2020) that reported the prevalence of PACG. The prevalence of PACG was analyzed according to various risk factors. A random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis. Results: The global pooled prevalence of PACG was 0.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.5–0.8%] for the last 20 years. The prevalence of PACG increases with age. Men are found less likely to have PACG than women (risk ratio = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.53–0.93, p < 0.01). Asia is found to have the highest prevalence of PACG (0.7%, 95% CI = 0.6–1.0%). The current estimated population with PACG is 17.14 million (95% CI = 14.28–22.85) for people older than 40 years old worldwide, with 12.30 million (95% CI = 10.54–17.57) in Asia. It is estimated that by 2050, the global population with PACG will be 26.26 million, with 18.47 million in Asia. Conclusion: PACG affects more than 17 million people worldwide, especially leading a huge burden to Asia. The prevalence of PACG varies widely across different ages, sex, and population geographic variation. Asian, female sex, and age are risk factors of PACG.