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Dr Kristen Aiemjoy, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Email: kaiemjoy@ucdavis.edu
KA, JCS, SKS, FNQ, SPL, DOG, and JRA conceptualised the study. KA, JCS, PT, SKS, FNQ, SPL, DOG, RCC, and JRA developed the methodology. All authors did the investigation. KA and JCS did the data analysis and data visualisation. AF, MML, VK, AH, SEP, RMZ, FM, EO-D, YA-S, and MO supervised enrolment and data collection for SETA-Ghana study. JCS, ASC, MSK, MSIS, SMAS, NA, KV, NK, YL, NM, and MA curated the data. SPL, DOG, FNQ, SKS, RCC, and JRA acquired the funding. KA, JCS, ASC, KV, RS, DT, SSa, SJM, IFD, DOG, SKS, FNQ, and JRA did the project administration. SSa, SKS, DT, SPL, DOG, FNQ, RCC, and JRA supervised data collection and laboratory work. KA, JCS, RCC, and JRA wrote the original draft of the manuscript. All authors reviewed and edited the manuscript. KA and JCS accessed and verified the data. All authors had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.
This study was supported by a grant from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-000572). Research on Vi antibody responses in Nepal was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI134814). We would like to acknowledge the essential contributions of field and laboratory teams in Bangladesh: Sultana Aflatun Rubana, Raktim Das, Khairun Naher, Kanis Fatema, Shamima Sultana, Masrufa Akhter, Jarin Sultana, Sathi Akter, Kristina Bain, Lima Akter, Shaswati Gain, Rehana Akter, Morium Akter, Aklima Akter, Khandokar Rehana, Rasheda Khan; Nepal: Sudan Maharjan, Lok Raj Bhatt, Natasha Shrestha, Shishir Ranjit, Anil Khanal, Bipin Khadka, Suman Shrestha, Pusp Raj Bhatt; and Pakistan teams: Kosar Riaz, Shazia Maqsood, Hira Asghar, Naik Banu, Afshan Piyar Ali, Hasina Wajid, Khalida Gul, Salima Shah, Samrina Karim, Faisal Hussain; as well as Caryn Bern and Alexander Yu. We are extremely grateful to all the study participants for their interest and valuable time. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the foundational contributions of Jan van Eijkeren to developing the seroincidence models and advancing methods to incorporate biological and measurement noise. The findings and conclusions of this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position, policies, or views of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
We declare no competing interests.
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license