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Author Notes:

Annapaola Mariniello, annapaola.mariniello@unito.it

Conceptualization, S.N., M.G., P.B., A.M. and F.T.; methodology, A.M., F.T. and M.G.; software and formal analysis, A.M., M.G.; investigation, D.I., A.M., F.T., M.T., N.A.R., L.R., M.G., E.C., S.C., V.B., C.M., F.P. and P.B.; resources, S.N., P.B. and M.G.; data curation, D.I., M.G., M.T., N.A.R., A.M. and F.T. writing—original draft preparation, A.M.; writing—review and editing, F.T., D.I., M.T., N.A.R., M.L.R., A.L., E.C., S.C., V.B., C.M., L.C., M.D.F., M.B., C.P., M.D.M., F.P., L.R., D.S., S.N., M.G. and P.B.; visualization, F.T., D.I., M.T., N.A.R., M.L.R., A.L., E.C., S.C., V.B., C.M., L.C., M.D.F., M.B., C.P., M.D.M., F.P., L.R., D.S., S.N., M.G. and P.B.; supervision, D.S., M.D.M., S.N., M.G. and P.B.; project administration, S.N., P.B., M.G.; funding acquisition, S.N., P.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Di Maio M declares advisory board/personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Merck Serono, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Roche, Takeda, Pfizer, Beigene, Tesaro. Reale ML declares advisory board/speaker bureau per Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, MSD. Passiglia F declares consultant/advisory from Amgen, Janssen, Astra Zeneca, Beigene, MSD, Thermo Fisher Scientific. Novello S reports personal payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speaker’s bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Abbvie, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Pharmamar, Roche, and Takeda; and personal fees for participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Daiichi Sanko, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, and Takeda. The remaining authors do not declare conflicts of interest.

Keywords:

  • Science & Technology
  • Life Sciences & Biomedicine
  • Cell Biology
  • lung cancer
  • BAL
  • immunology
  • T cell
  • PD-1

Comparing T Cell Subsets in Broncho-Alveolar Lavage (BAL) and Peripheral Blood in Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer

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Journal Title:

CELLS

Volume:

Volume 11, Number 20

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Article | Final Publisher PDF

Abstract:

Background: Lung cancer (LC) tissue for immunological characterization is often scarce. We explored and compared T cell characteristics between broncho-alveolar lavage from tumor affected (t-BAL) and contralateral lung (cl-BAL), with matched peripheral blood (PB). Methods: BAL and PB were collected during bronchoscopy for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes in patients with monolateral primary lesion. Results: Of 33 patients undergoing BAL and PB sampling, 21 had histologically-confirmed LC. Most cases were locally-advanced or metastatic non-small cell LC. T cell characteristics were not significantly different in t-BAL vs. cl-BAL. Compared to PB, CD8 T cells in BAL presented features of immune activation and exhaustion (high PD-1, low IFN-g production). Accordingly, regulatory CD4 T cells were also higher in BAL vs. PB. When dichotomizing T cell density in t-BAL in high and low, we found that PD-L1 expression in LC was associated with T cell density in t-BAL. T-BAL with high T cell density had higher %IFN-g+CD8 T cells and lower %T-regs. Conclusion: In BAL from advanced LC patients, T cells present features of exhaustion. T cells in t-BAL could be the best surrogate of tumor-infiltrating T cell, and future studies should evaluate T cell phenotype and density as potential biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy outcome.

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© 2022 by the authors.

This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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