Reconnoitering the Role of Long-Noncoding RNAs in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Descriptive Review

• Authors: Syeda K Shahzadi, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences; Nerissa Naidoo, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences; Alawi Alsheikh-Ali, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences; Manfredi Rizzo, University of Palermo; Raul D Santos, University of São Paulo; Yajnavalka Banerjee, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences
• Journal Title: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
• Volume: Volume 22, Number 17
• Publisher: MDPI | 2021-09-01
• Type of Work: Article | Final Publisher PDF
• Publisher DOI: http://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179378
• Subjects: Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery
• Keywords: Science & Technology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Physical Sciences; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; long non-coding RNA; genetic variants; cardiovascular diseases; CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS; GENETIC-BASIS; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; HEART; IDENTIFICATION; MUTATIONS; VARIANTS; PROTECTS

Abstract

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common form of hereditary cardiomy-opathy. It is characterized by an unexplained non-dilated hypertrophy of the left ventricle with a conserved or elevated ejection fraction. It is a genetically heterogeneous disease largely caused by variants of genes encoding for cardiac sarcomere proteins, including MYH7, MYBPC3, ACTC1, TPM1, MYL2, MYL3, TNNI3, and TNNT23. Preclinical evidence indicates that the enhanced calcium sensitivity of the myofilaments plays a key role in the pathophysiology of HCM. Notably, this is not always a direct consequence of sarcomeric variations but may also result from secondary mutation-driven alterations. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a large class of transcripts ≥200 nucleotides in length that do not encode proteins. Compared to coding mRNAs, most lncRNAs are not as well-annotated and their functions are greatly unexplored. Nevertheless, increasing evidence shows that lncRNAs are involved in a variety of biological processes and diseases including HCM. Accumulating evidence has indicated that lncRNAs are dysregulated in HCM, and closely related to sarcomere construction, calcium channeling and homeostasis of mitochondria. In this review, we have summarized the known regulatory and functional roles of lncRNAs in HCM.