About this item:

63 Views | 38 Downloads

Author Notes:

Arash Grakoui, Ph.D., Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate, Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 954 Gatewood Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30329. Tel.: +1-404-727-5850. Email: arash.grakoui@emory.edu

DMC and AG were both equally responsible for conception of this review. DMC conducted the literature review and drafting the initial manuscript. DMC and AG contributed equally to subsequent edits of the manuscript.

The authors wish to thank Drs. Manoj Thapa, Jake Choby, and David Weiss for fruitful scientific discussion and mentorship in planning this review. We also acknowledge the contributions of graphic designer Krystel Chopyk in generating the infographic summary figures for this work.

Subject:

Research Funding:

This project was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01AI136533, R01AI124680, R01AI096882 and R01AI126890 to A.G.; Office of Research Infrastructure Programs/Office of the Director (ORIP/OD) P51OD011132 (formerly National Center For Research Resources (NCRR) P51RR000165) to the Yerkes National Primate Research Center (A.G.); and the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) Ruth L. Kirschtein National Research Service Award (NRSA) Individual Predoctoral Fellowship (F31AA024960) to D.M.C.. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.

Keywords:

  • Science & Technology
  • Life Sciences & Biomedicine
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology
  • Liver Disease
  • Hepatic Disorders
  • Gut Permeability
  • Microbiome
  • Leaky Gut
  • Alcoholic Liver Disease
  • Nonalcoholic Liver Disease
  • Drug Induced Liver Injury
  • Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
  • SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS
  • JUNCTIONAL ADHESION MOLECULE
  • TIGHT JUNCTION
  • LIVER-DISEASE
  • ESCHERICHIA-COLI
  • IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A
  • MUCUS LAYER
  • OBESE MICE
  • STEM-CELLS
  • STEATOHEPATITIS

Contribution of the Intestinal Microbiome and Gut Barrier to Hepatic Disorders

Tools:

Journal Title:

GASTROENTEROLOGY

Volume:

Volume 159, Number 3

Publisher:

, Pages 849-863

Type of Work:

Article | Post-print: After Peer Review

Abstract:

Intestinal barrier dysfunction and dysbiosis contribute to development of diseases in liver and other organs. Physical, immunologic, and microbiologic (bacterial, fungal, archaeal, viral, and protozoal) features of the intestine separate its nearly 100 trillion microbes from the rest of the human body. Failure of any aspect of this barrier can result in translocation of microbes into the blood and sustained inflammatory response that promote liver injury, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and oncogenic transformation. Alterations in intestinal microbial populations or their functions can also affect health. We review the mechanisms that regulate intestinal permeability and how changes in the intestinal microbiome contribute to development of acute and chronic liver diseases. We discuss individual components of the intestinal barrier and how these are disrupted during development of different liver diseases. Learning more about these processes will increase our understanding of the interactions among the liver, intestine, and its flora.

Copyright information:

This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/rdf).
Export to EndNote