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Author Notes:

Correspondence: Sonia Villapol, Ph.D., 6670 Bertnet Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030., svillapol@houstonmethodist.org

T.W.O. and C.P. performed the statistical analysis. S.L.L., T.W.O., C.P., R.S., P.R., A.C. and S.V. performed the literature search, collected the data, wrote the manuscript, and made edits. S.L.L. and S.V. were mainly responsible for the interpretation of the data and preparing the final version. S.V. created the figures. All authors provided critical feedback and contributed to the final manuscript. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to S.V.

The authors are solely responsible for all content, and funders played no role in study design, data collection, and analysis, the decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. S.L.L. is an employee of Novartis Pharmaceutical Company; the statements presented in the paper do not necessarily represent the position of the company. The remaining authors have no competing interests to declare.

Subjects:

Research Funding:

This article was funded by Houston Methodist Research Institute (S.V.).

Keywords:

  • Science & Technology
  • Multidisciplinary Sciences
  • Science & Technology - Other Topics
  • Acute respiratory syndrome
  • Pulmonary function
  • Syndrome SARS
  • Capacity
  • Impact

More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Tools:

Journal Title:

Scientific Reports

Volume:

Volume 11, Number 1

Publisher:

, Pages 16144-16144

Type of Work:

Article | Final Publisher PDF

Abstract:

COVID-19 can involve persistence, sequelae, and other medical complications that last weeks to months after initial recovery. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to identify studies assessing the long-term effects of COVID-19. LitCOVID and Embase were searched to identify articles with original data published before the 1st of January 2021, with a minimum of 100 patients. For effects reported in two or more studies, meta-analyses using a random-effects model were performed using the MetaXL software to estimate the pooled prevalence with 95% CI. PRISMA guidelines were followed. A total of 18,251 publications were identified, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of 55 long-term effects was estimated, 21 meta-analyses were performed, and 47,910 patients were included (age 17–87 years). The included studies defined long-COVID as ranging from 14 to 110 days post-viral infection. It was estimated that 80% of the infected patients with SARS-CoV-2 developed one or more long-term symptoms. The five most common symptoms were fatigue (58%), headache (44%), attention disorder (27%), hair loss (25%), and dyspnea (24%). Multi-disciplinary teams are crucial to developing preventive measures, rehabilitation techniques, and clinical management strategies with whole-patient perspectives designed to address long COVID-19 care.

Copyright information:

The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.

This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/rdf).
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