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Neurology, Neurosurgery, & Ophthalmology, MS and Neuroimmunology Center, The Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, United States of America. Teresa.frohman@austin.utexas.edu, Elliot.fohman@austin.utexas.edu
Elliot Frohman: conception, critical revision of manuscript for intellectual content. Nicole Villemarette-Pittman: critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content. Esther Melamed: critical revision of manuscript for intellectual content. Roberto Alejandro Cruz: critical revision of manuscript for intellectual content. Reid Longmuir: conception: critical revision of manuscript for intellectual content. Thomas Varkey: Critical revision of manuscript for intellectual content. Lawrence Steinman: critical revision for intellectual content and accurate immunologic foundations. Scott Zamvil: conception, critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content. Teresa C Frohman: conception critical revision of manuscript for intellectual content.
The authors wish to express our gratitude to our medical illustrator, Mr. Jason Ooi, for his evidence-based and hypothetical renditions of the putative pathobiological underpinnings of the SARS-CoV-2 induced ‘Prolific Activation of a Network Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Crisis’ [PANIC] Attack as the basis for severe COVID-19. Furthermore, we express our gratitude for his exceptional illustrations underscoring the pleiotropic mechanisms of action afiliated with high dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue; as a hypothetical intervention for the purposes of preventing or abolishing the SARS-CoV-2 mediated ‘Prolific Activation of a Network Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Crisis’ [PANIC] Attack.
We also express appreciation to Dr. Matthew S. Parsons (Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University) for providing critical feedback on our hypotheses regarding SARS-CoV-2 mediated PANIC and the use of HDMTX-LR for therapeutic purposes.
Elliot Frohman: Has received speaker fees from Genzyme, Alexion, Novartis, and consulting fees from Biogen and Serono. Nicole Villemarette-Pittman: Serves as Managing Editor for the Journal of the Neurological Sciences. Esther Melamed: served as a consultant and received honoraria from EMD Serono and Genentech. Roberto Alejandro Cruz: Has received speaker fees from Alexion. Reid Longmuir: consultant for Horizon. Thomas C. Varkey: Nothing to disclose.
Lawrence Steinman: Dr. Steinman is on the Editorial Boards of The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, and the Journal of Neuroimmunology. He has served on the Editorial Board of the The Journal of Immunology and International Immunology. He has served as a member of grant review committees for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National MS Society.
He has served, or serves, as a consultant and received honoraria from Atara Biotherapeutics, Atreca, Biogen-Idec, Celgene, Centocor, Coherus, EMD-Serono, Genzyme, Johnson and Johnson, Novartis, Roche/Genentech, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and TG Therapeutics. He has served on the Data Safety Monitoring Board for TG Therapeutics. He serves on the Board of Directors of Tolerion and Chairs the Scientific Advisory Board for Atreca.
Currently, Dr. Steinman receives research grant support from the NIH and Atara Biotherapeutics.
Scott Zamvil: Dr. Zamvil is Deputy Editor of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation and is an Associate Editor for Frontiers in Immunology and Frontiers in Neurology. He serves on the Advisory Committee for the American Congress on Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ACTRIMS) and is a standing member of the research grant review committee for the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS). He has served on the Editorial Board of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, The Journal of Immunology and The Journal of Neurological Sciences, and has been a charter member of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumors (CNBT) grant review committee.
He has served, or serves, as a consultant and received honoraria from Alexion, Biogen-Idec, EMD-Serono, Genzyme, Novartis, Roche/Genentech, and Teva Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and has served on Data Safety Monitoring Boards for Lilly, BioMS, Teva and Opexa Therapeutics. Currently, Dr. Zamvil receives research grant support from the NIH, NMSS, Weill Institute, Race to Erase MS and the Maisin Foundation. Teresa Frohman: Has received consulting fees from Alexion.
© 2020 The Author(s)