Antileishmanial Compounds Isolated from Psidium Guajava L. Using a Metabolomic Approach

• Authors: Chiobouaphong Phakeovilay, Université de Toulouse; Sandra Bourgeade-Delmas, Université de Toulouse; Pierre Perio, Université de Toulouse; Alexis Valentin, Université de Toulouse; François Chassagne, Emory University; Eric Deharo, Université de Toulouse; Karine Reybier, Université de Toulouse; Guillaume Marti, Université de Toulouse
• Journal Title: MOLECULES
• Volume: Volume 24, Number 24
• Publisher: MDPI AG | 2019-12-11
• Type of Work: Article | Final Publisher PDF
• Publisher DOI: http://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244536
• Subjects: Health Sciences, Pharmacy
• Keywords: metabolomic; antileishmanial activity; metabolomics; Psidium guajava; jacoumaric acid; corosolic acid

Abstract

With an estimated annual incidence of one million cases, leishmaniasis is one of the top five vector-borne diseases. Currently available medical treatments involve side effects, including toxicity, non-specific targeting, and resistance development. Thus, new antileishmanial chemical entities are of the utmost interest to fight against this disease. The aim of this study was to obtain potential antileishmanial natural products from Psidium guajava leaves using a metabolomic workflow. Several crude extracts from P. guajava leaves harvested from different locations in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) were profiled by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry, and subsequently evaluated for their antileishmanial activities. The putative active compounds were highlighted by multivariate correlation analysis between the antileishmanial response and chromatographic profiles of P. guajava mixtures. The results showed that the pooled apolar fractions from P. guajava were the most active (IC50 = 1.96 ± 0.47 µg/mL). Multivariate data analysis of the apolar fractions highlighted a family of triterpenoid compounds, including jacoumaric acid (IC50 = 1.318 ± 0.59 µg/mL) and corosolic acid (IC50 = 1.01 ± 0.06 µg/mL). Our approach allowed the identification of antileishmanial compounds from the crude extracts in only a small number of steps and can be easily adapted for use in the discovery workflows of several other natural products.