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Author Notes:

Ho-Wook Jun, Email: hwjun@uab.edu

JC and XZ designed and outlined the article and primarily revised the draft. TL and YC drafted as well as JC edited the pathology of atherosclerosis section. RM, SM, and JS drafted as well as JC and PH edited the in vitro 2D model section. JC, XZ, TL, and MG drafted as well as JC and XZ edited the in vitro 3D model section. JC drafted the introduction and conclusion section. BB, GQ, Y-sY, and HJ provided suggestions for article writing and figure selection. SM, MG, and JC formatted references. H-WJ conceived, supervised, and reviewed outline and article writing. All the authors have reviewed and approved the manuscript for submission.

RM, JS, PH, BB, and H-WJ were employed by the company Endomimetics, LLC. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Subject:

Research Funding:

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Institutes of Health (1R01HL125391 to H-WJ), Alabama Research and Development Enhancement Fund (1ARDEF22 09 to H-WJ), American Heart Association (18POST34080260 to JC and 20PRE35210599 to XZ), National Institutes of Health (1R01HL150887 to Y-sY), and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (Nos. 2020R1A2C3003784 and 2020M3A9I4038454 to Y-sY).

Keywords:

  • Science & Technology
  • Life Sciences & Biomedicine
  • Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
  • Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
  • atherosclerosis
  • disease models
  • tissue-engineered blood vessels
  • microfluidic chips
  • in vitro models and methods
  • SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS
  • ARTERY ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS
  • HUMAN ADIPOSE-TISSUE
  • GROWTH FACTOR-BB
  • ON-A-CHIP
  • EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX
  • MACROPHAGE DIFFERENTIATION
  • PHENOTYPIC MODULATION
  • MONOCYTE ADHESION
  • SPHEROID CULTURE

Recent Progress in in vitro Models for Atherosclerosis Studies

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Journal Title:

FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE

Volume:

Volume 8

Publisher:

, Pages 790529-790529

Type of Work:

Article | Final Publisher PDF

Abstract:

Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of hardening and narrowing arteries, leading to cardiovascular disease accounting for the high mortality in the United States. For developing effective treatments for atherosclerosis, considerable efforts have been devoted to developing in vitro models. Compared to animal models, in vitro models can provide great opportunities to obtain data more efficiently, economically. Therefore, this review discusses the recent progress in in vitro models for atherosclerosis studies, including traditional two-dimensional (2D) systems cultured on the tissue culture plate, 2D cell sheets, and recently emerged microfluidic chip models with 2D culture. In addition, advanced in vitro three-dimensional models such as spheroids, cell-laden hydrogel constructs, tissue-engineered blood vessels, and vessel-on-a-chip will also be covered. Moreover, the functions of these models are also summarized along with model discussion. Lastly, the future perspectives of this field are discussed.

Copyright information:

© 2022 Chen, Zhang, Millican, Lynd, Gangasani, Malhotra, Sherwood, Hwang, Cho, Brott, Qin, Jo, Yoon and Jun.

This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/rdf).
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