Mixed-methods, descriptive and observational cohort study examining feeding and growth patterns among low birthweight infants in India, Malawi and Tanzania: the LIFE study protocol

• Authors: Melissa Young, Emory University; Bethany Caruso, Emory University; L Vesel, Brigham & Womens Hosp; L Spigel, Brigham & Womens Hosp; JN Behera, SCB Med Coll & Hosp; RM Bellad, KLE Acad Higher Educ & Res; L Das, SCB Med Coll & Hosp; S Dhaded, KLE Acad Higher Educ & Res; SS Goudar, KLE Acad Higher Educ & Res; G Guruprasad, JJM Med Coll; S Misra, SCB Med Coll & Hosp; S Panda, City Hosp; LG Shamanur, SS Inst Med Sci & Res Ctr; SS Vernekar, KLE Acad Higher Educ & Res; IF Hoffman, University of North Carolina; T Mvalo, Univ North Carolina Project Malawi; M Phiri, Univ North Carolina Project Malawi; F Saidi, Univ North Carolina Project Malawi; R Kisenge, Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci; K Manji, Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci; N Salim, Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci; S Somji, Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci; CR Sudfeld, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth; L Adair, University of North Carolina; C Duggan, Boston Childrens Hosp; K Israel-Ballard, PATH; ACC Lee, Brigham & Womens Hosp; SL Martin, University of North Carolina; KL Mansen, PATH; K North, Brigham & Womens Hosp; E Benotti, Brigham & Womens Hosp; MM Delaney, Brigham & Womens Hosp; E Fishman, Brigham & Womens Hosp; K Fleming, Brigham & Womens Hosp; N Henrich, Brigham & Womens Hosp; K Miller, Brigham & Womens Hosp; L Subramanian, Brigham & Womens Hosp; DE Tuller, Brigham & Womens Hosp; KEA Semrau, Brigham & Womens Hosp
• Journal Title: BMJ OPEN
• Volume: Volume 11, Number 12
• Publisher: BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP | 2021-12-01, Pages e048216-e048216
• Type of Work: Article
• Publisher DOI: http://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048216
• Keywords: Science & Technology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Medicine, General & Internal; General & Internal Medicine; MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; PRETERM BIRTH; STANDARDS; INTERVIEWS; DEPRESSION; MORTALITY; SETTINGS; OUTCOMES

Abstract

Introduction: Ending preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 will not be possible without evidence-based strategies addressing the health and care of low birthweight (LBW, <2.5 kg) infants. The majority of LBW infants are born in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and account for more than 60%-80% of newborn deaths. Feeding promotion tailored to meet the nutritional needs of LBW infants in LMICs may serve a crucial role in curbing newborn mortality rates and promoting growth. The Low Birthweight Infant Feeding Exploration (LIFE) study aims to establish foundational knowledge regarding optimal feeding options for LBW infants in low-resource settings throughout infancy. Methods and analysis: LIFE is a formative, multisite, observational cohort study involving 12 study facilities in India, Malawi and Tanzania, and using a convergent parallel, mixed-methods design. We assess feeding patterns, growth indicators, morbidity, mortality, child development and health system inputs that facilitate or hinder care and survival of LBW infants. Ethics and dissemination: This study was approved by 11 ethics committees in India, Malawi, Tanzania and the USA. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations targeting the global and local research, clinical, programme implementation and policy communities.