Functional network connectivity (FNC)-based generative adversarial network (GAN) and its applications in classification of mental disorders

• Authors: Jianlong Zhao, Harbin University of Science & Technology; Jinjie Huang, Harbin University of Science & Technology; Dongmei Zhi, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Weizheng Yan, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xiaohong Ma, West China Hosp Sichuan; Xiao Yang, West China Hosp Sichuan; Xianbin Li, Capital Medical University; Qing Ke, Zhejiang University; Tianzi Jiang, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Vince D Calhoun, Emory University; Jing Sui, Chinese Academy of Sciences
• Journal Title: JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS
• Volume: Volume 341
• Publisher: ELSEVIER | 2020-07-15, Pages 108756-108756
• Type of Work: Article | Post-print: After Peer Review
• Publisher DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108756
• Subjects: Biology, Neuroscience; Health Sciences, Mental Health
• Keywords: Science & Technology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Biochemical Research Methods; Neurosciences; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Resting-state fMRI; Generative adversarial networks (GAN); Deep learning; Classification; Major depressive disorders; Schizophrenia; MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; MOOD DISORDERS; GROUP ICA; SCHIZOPHRENIA; FMRI; BIPOLAR; FRAMEWORK; PATTERNS; SUBJECT

Abstract

As a popular deep learning method, generative adversarial networks (GAN) have achieved outstanding performance in multiple classifications and segmentation tasks. However, the application of GANs to fMRI data is relatively rare. In this work, we proposed a functional network connectivity (FNC) based GAN for classifying psychotic disorders from healthy controls (HCs), in which FNC matrices were calculated by correlation of time courses derived from non-artefactual fMRI independent components (ICs). The proposed GAN model consisted of one discriminator (real FNCs) and one generator (fake FNCs), each has four fully-connected layers. The generator was trained to match the discriminator in the intermediate layers while simultaneously a new objective loss was determined for the generator to improve the whole classification performance. In a case for classifying 269 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients from 286 HCs, an average accuracy of 70.1% was achieved in 10-fold cross-validation, with at least 6% higher compared to the other 6 popular classification approaches (54.5–64.2%). In another application to discriminating 558 schizophrenia patients from 542 HCs from 7 sites, the proposed GAN model achieved 80.7% accuracy in leave-one-site-out prediction, outperforming support vector machine (SVM) and deep neural net (DNN) by 3%–6%. More importantly, we are able to identify the most contributing FNC nodes and edges with the strategy of leave-one-FNC-out recursively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to apply the GAN model on the FNC-based classification of mental disorders. Such a framework promises wide utility and great potential in neuroimaging biomarker identification.