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Correspondence: Susan A. Safley, PhD, Department of Surgery, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road, NE, Building A, Atlanta GA 30322, ssafley@emory.edu
Author contributions: S.A.S. and M.L.G. are co-first authors; S.A.S. directed the PFCE encapsulation; M.L.G. directed all aspects of the NHP experiments, performed implant, biopsy, gross pathology, and associated data analysis;
B.L.W. constructed the surface coil used in experiments, generated the calibration curve, performed MRI imaging of NHPs, analyzed the MRI data, and co-drafted the article; S.A.E. advised on MRI imaging, analyzed the MRI data, and co-drafted the article;
G.F.B. generated the PFCE capsules for all experiments and contributed to the manuscript; J.J.J and L.A.M provided expert animal care, carried out experiments, and collected data, AS and SR developed the flow cytometry panels used in this study and acquired and analyzed the phenotyping data presented in this manuscript,
M.G. designed the 19F MRI experiments, reviewed and analyzed data; A.S. contributed to the design of the PFCE capsules, consulted on oxygen measurement and contributed to drafting the manuscript; K.K.P. assisted in designing the 19F MRI experiments and served as consultant on oxygen measurement;
B.J.H. directed the flow cytometric analysis and microscopic evaluation of capsules, contributed to overall experimental design, and reviewed the manuscript; C.J.W. provided expertise in encapsulation and reviewed the manuscript.
All authors read the journal’s authorship agreement, and all authors read and approved the final version of the article.
Acknowledgements: We gratefully acknowledge the entire caregiver team at the University of Minnesota’s Preclinical Research Center performing NHP studies; as well as Johannes Leisen, Ph.D., Assistant Director of the Georgia Institute of Technology NMR Service Center, Atlanta, GA, who performed the 19F scans and quality control assessment of the PFCE capsules prepared at Emory.
We would like to thank Momin Siddiqui, M.D., Departments of Pathology at Emory University and Weill Cornell Medical College for careful analysis of host cells on explanted PFCE capsules in H&E-stained slides.
Disclosures: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
This study was supported by a grant from the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (Strategic Research Agreement),
National Institutes of Health (P41 EB015894 and S10 RR023730),
Minnesota Lions Diabetes Foundation, the Schott Family Foundation, the Carol Olson Memorial Diabetes Research Fund,
And by generous gifts from Malcolm and Musette Powell and from Maxine Clippert.
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