HIV, highly active antiretroviral therapy and the heart: a cellular to epidemiological review

• Authors: C.T. Lambert, Emory University; Pratik Sandesara, Emory University; B. Hirsh, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; Leslee Shaw, Emory University; William Lewis, Emory University; Arshed Quyyumi, Emory University; Raymond Schinazi, Emory University; W.S. Post, Johns Hopkins University; Laurence Sperling, Emory University
• Journal Title: HIV MEDICINE
• Volume: Volume 17, Number 6
• Publisher: WILEY | 2016-06-01, Pages 411-424
• Type of Work: Article | Post-print: After Peer Review
• Publisher DOI: http://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.12346
• Subjects: Biology, Virology; Health Sciences, Public Health
• Keywords: Science & Technology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Infectious Diseases; atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular disease; endothelial dysfunction; highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV; prevention; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PRIMARY PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION; COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR; FRAMINGHAM RISK SCORE; PROTEIN-S DEFICIENCY; INFECTED PATIENTS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK

Abstract

The advent of potent highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for persons infected with HIV-1 has led to a “new” chronic disease with complications including cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV infection. In addition to traditional risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, infection with HIV is an independent risk factor for CVD. This review summarizes: (1) the vascular and nonvascular cardiac manifestations of HIV infection; (2) cardiometabolic effects of HAART; (3) atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk assessment, prevention and treatment in persons with HIV-1 infection.