Prenatal phenol and paraben exposures in relation to child neurodevelopment including autism spectrum disorders in the MARBLES study

• Authors: Jacqueline M. Barkoski, University of California Davis; Stefanie Busgang, Icahn School of Medicine; Moira Bixby, Icahn School of Medicine; Deborah Bennett, University of California Davis; Rebecca Schmidt, University of California Davis; Dana Barr, Emory University; Parinya Panuwet, Emory University; Chris Gennings, Icahn School of Medicine; Irva Hertz-Picciotto, University of California Davis
• Journal Title: ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
• Volume: Volume 179, Number Pt A
• Publisher: ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE | 2019-12-01, Pages 108719-108719
• Type of Work: Article | Post-print: After Peer Review
• Publisher DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.108719
• Subjects: Environmental Sciences; Biology, Ecology; Health Sciences, Epidemiology; Psychology, Behavioral; Psychology, Cognitive
• Keywords: Science & Technology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Parabens; Phenols; Autism; Epidemiology; Cohort study; BISPHENOL-A EXPOSURE; THYROID-HORMONES; AIR-POLLUTION; MATERNAL EXPOSURE; RISK; BRAIN; BEHAVIOR; HERITABILITY; VARIABILITY; PREGNANCY

Abstract

Background: Environmental phenols and parabens are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with the potential to affect child neurodevelopment including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Our aim was to assess whether exposure to environmental phenols and parabens during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of clinical ASD or other nontypical development (non-TD). Methods: This study included mother-child pairs (N = 207) from the Markers of Autism Risks in Babies – Learning Early Signs (MARBLES) Cohort Study with urinary phenol and paraben metabolites analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) from repeated pregnancy urine samples. Because family recurrence risks in siblings are about 20%, MARBLES enrolls pregnant women who already had a child with ASD. Children were clinically assessed at 3 years of age and classified into 3 outcome categories: ASD, non-TD, or typically developing (TD). Single analyte analyses were conducted with trinomial logistic regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was used to test for mixture effects. Results: Regression models were adjusted for pre-pregnancy body mass index, prenatal vitamin use (yes/no), homeowner status (yes/no), birth year, and child's sex. In single chemical analyses phenol exposures were not significantly associated with child's diagnosis. Mixture analyses using trinomial WQS regression showed a significantly increased risk of non-TD compared to TD (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.04) with overall greater prenatal phenol and paraben metabolites mixture. Results for ASD also showed an increased risk, but it was not significant. Discussion: This is the first study to provide evidence that pregnancy environmental phenol exposures may increase the risk for non-TD in a high-risk population.