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Author Notes:

vanessa.raabe@nyulangone.org

VR contributed to designing the research studies, conducting the experiments, acquiring and analyzing the data, and writing the manuscript. LL, CB, AP, and CG contributed to conducting the experiments, acquiring and analyzing the data, and writing the manuscript. YX, CH, and DW contributed to conducting the experiments and acquiring and analyzing the data. SP contributed to acquiring the data and writing the manuscript. PG and MM contributed to designing the research studies, analyzing the data, and writing the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Tigisty Girmay, Mari Hart, Pamela Lankford-Turner, Aneesh Mehta, and Yerun Zhu from Emory University. Inactivated eastern equine encephalitis suckling mouse brain and control suckling mouse brain antigens provided courtesy of the Arbovirus Reference Collection of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Research Funding:

This work was conducted at Emory University was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (training grant number T32AI074492 to VR and MM). The work conducted at USAMRIID was sponsored by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Program CB3691. The research conducted at USAMRIID was performed while CG held an NRC Research Associateship award in PG lab. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Institutes of Health or the United States Army.

Keywords:

  • Science & Technology
  • Life Sciences & Biomedicine
  • Microbiology
  • eastern equine encephalitis virus
  • adaptive immunity
  • cellular immunity
  • humoral immunity
  • eastern equine encephalomyelitis
  • IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M
  • T-CELLS
  • CLEARANCE
  • DISEASE
  • WESTERN
  • CHALLENGE
  • INFECTION
  • MICE

The Immune Response to Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Acquired Through Organ Transplantation

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Journal Title:

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY

Volume:

Volume 11

Publisher:

, Pages 561530-561530

Type of Work:

Article | Final Publisher PDF

Abstract:

The human immune response to eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) infection is poorly characterized due to the rarity of infection. We examined the humoral and cellular immune response to EEEV acquired from an infected donor via liver transplantation. Both binding and highly neutralizing antibodies to EEEV as well as a robust EEEV-specific IgG memory B cell response were generated. Despite triple-drug immunosuppressive therapy, a virus-specific CD4+ T cell response, predominated by interferon-γ production, was generated. T cell epitopes on the E2 envelope protein were identified by interferon-γ ELISpot. Although these results are from a single person who acquired EEEV by a non-traditional mechanism, to our knowledge this work represents the first analysis of the human cellular immune response to EEEV.

Copyright information:

© 2020 Raabe, Lai, Xu, Huerta, Wang, Pouch, Burke, Piper, Gardner, Glass and Mulligan.

This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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