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Abstract:
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting uses additive manufacturing techniques to fabricate 3Dstructures consisting of heterogenous selections of living cells, biomaterials, and active biomolecules[1,2] [...]. To date, 3D bioprinting technologies have transformed the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine by enabling fabrication of highly complex biological constructs. Using the patient’s medical imaging data, patient- and damage- specific implants can be printed with customized cellular and physiomechanical functionalities [3,4,5]. The main bioprinting methods include extrusion-based, droplet-based (inkjet), laser-based, and, more recently, vat photopolymerization-based bioprinting [6,7]. A variety of biomaterials (i.e., bioinks) have been used for tissue bioprinting, including ceramics, synthetic and natural polymers, decellularized tissues, and more frequently, hybrid bioinks consisting of a combination of these materials
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