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Author Notes:

Correspondence: M. A. Rolfes, Influenza Division; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, MS H24-7, Atlanta, GA 30329 (mrolfes1@cdc.gov).

The authors acknowledge the great work and support of the following: Bret Rosenblum, Samantha Ford, Monika Johnson, Jonathan M. Raviotta, Terrie Sax, Jonathan Steele, Michael Susick, Rina Chabra, Edward Garofolo, Philip Iozzi, Barbara Kevish, Donald B. Middleton, Leonard Urbanski, from University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center;

Teresa Ponder, Todd Crumbaker, Iosefo Iosefo, Patricia Sleeth, Virginia Gandy, Kelsey Bounds, Mary Kylberg, Arundhati Rao, Robert Fader, Kimberley Walker, Marcus Volz, Jeremy Ray, Deborah Price, Jennifer Thomas, Hania Wehbe-Janek, Madhava Beeram, John Boyd, Jamie Walkowiak, Robert Probe, Glen Couchman, Shahin Motakef and Alejandro Arroliga from Baylor Scott and White Health; Anne Kaniclides, Emerson Bouldin,

Christoph Baker, Kimberly Berke, Mackenzie Smith, and Niharika Rajesh from University of Michigan School of Public Health; Elizabeth Alleman, Sarah Bauer, Michelle Groesbeck, Kristyn Brundidge, Neha Hafeez, Jayla Jackson, Ian Anastasia, and Gabriel Kadoo from Henry Ford Health System; Sarah Petnic and Alison Ryan from the California Emerging Infections Program;

Amber Maslar, James Meek, and Rona Chen from the Connecticut Emerging Infections Program; Samantha Stephens from the Colorado Emerging Infections Program Stepy Thomas, Suzanne Segler, Kyle Openo, Emily Fawcett, Monica Farley, and Andrew Martin from Georgia Emerging Infections Program; Patricia Ryan, Robert Sunkel, Taylor Lutich, Rebecca Perlmutter, Brittany Grace, Timothy Blood, and Cindy Zerrlaut from the Maryland Department of Health;

Melissa McMahon, Anna Strain, and Jamie Christensen from the Minnesota Department of Health; Kathy Angeles, Lisa Butler, Sarah Khanlian, Robert Mansmann from the University of Mexico Emerging Infectious Program and Chelsea McMullen from the New Mexico Department of Health

Eva Pradhan and Katarina Manzi from the New York–Albany Emerging Infections Program; Christina Felsen and Maria Gaitan from the University of Rochester (New York) School of Medicine and Dentistry; Krista Long, Nicholas Fisher, Emily Hawley, and Rory O’Shaughnessy from the Ohio Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Project

Magdalena Scott and Courtney Crawford from the Oregon Emerging Infections Program; and William Schaffner, Tiffanie Markus, Karen Leib, and Katie Dyer from Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Tennessee Emerging Infections Program.

The authors also acknowledge the work of Tammy Santibanez, Yusheng Zhai (Leidos, Inc.), Pengjun Lu, Anup Srivastav (Leidos, Inc.), and Mei-Chuan Hung (Leidos, Inc.) in the Immunization Services Division and Charisse Cummings in the Influenza Division at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Disclosures: A. S. M. reports consultancy fees from Sanofi and Seqirus outside the submitted work. E. A. reports grants from Sanofi Pasteur, Merck, Pfizer, Micron, MedImmune, and PaxVax and has received consultancy fees from AbbVie outside the submitted work.

E. B. reports grants from Seqirus outside the submitted work. H. K. T. reports grants from Sanofi Pasteur and personal fees from Seqirus during the conduct of the study. M. J. reports grants from Sanofi Pasteur outside the submitted work.

M. G. reports grants from the CDC outside the submitted work. R. L. received payment to coedit a book on infectious disease surveillance; royalties are donated to the Minnesota Department of Health.

R. Z. reports grants from Sanofi Pasteur, Merck & Co., and Pfizer Inc outside the submitted work. All other authors: No reported conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest.

Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.

Subjects:

Research Funding:

This work was supported by CDC through the following cooperative agreements: Emerging Infections Programs (CDC-RFA-CK17-1701), the Influenza Hospital Surveillance Project (5U38OT000143), the University of Michigan (1U01 IP001034), Kaiser Permanente Washington Research Institute (1U01 IP001037), Marshfield Clinic Research Institute (1U01 IP001038), University of Pittsburgh (1U01 IP001035), and Baylor Scott and White Healthcare (1U01 IP001039).

At the University of Pittsburgh, the project was also supported by the National Institutes of Health through grant UL1TR001857.

Keywords:

  • Science & Technology
  • Life Sciences & Biomedicine
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • influenza
  • vaccination
  • prevented illnesses
  • burden
  • Vaccines recommendations
  • Immunization practices
  • Advisory committee
  • Parental report
  • Children
  • Efficacy
  • Adults
  • Prevention
  • Care
  • Age

Effects of Influenza Vaccination in the United States During the 2017-2018 Influenza Season

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Journal Title:

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Volume:

Volume 69, Number 11

Publisher:

, Pages 1845-1853

Type of Work:

Article | Final Publisher PDF

Abstract:

Background: The severity of the 2017-2018 influenza season in the United States was high, with influenza A(H3N2) viruses predominating. Here, we report influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) and estimate the number of vaccine-prevented influenza-associated illnesses, medical visits, hospitalizations, and deaths for the 2017-2018 influenza season. Methods: We used national age-specific estimates of 2017-2018 influenza vaccine coverage and disease burden. We estimated VE against medically attended reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction-confirmed influenza virus infection in the ambulatory setting using a test-negative design. We used a compartmental model to estimate numbers of influenza-associated outcomes prevented by vaccination. Results: The VE against outpatient, medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza was 38% (95% confidence interval [CI], 31%-43%), including 22% (95% CI, 12%-31%) against influenza A(H3N2), 62% (95% CI, 50%-71%) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, and 50% (95% CI, 41%-57%) against influenza B. We estimated that influenza vaccination prevented 7.1 million (95% CrI, 5.4 million-9.3 million) illnesses, 3.7 million (95% CrI, 2.8 million-4.9 million) medical visits, 109 000 (95% CrI, 39 000-231 000) hospitalizations, and 8000 (95% credible interval [CrI], 1100-21 000) deaths. Vaccination prevented 10% of expected hospitalizations overall and 41% among young children (6 months-4 years). Conclusions: Despite 38% VE, influenza vaccination reduced a substantial burden of influenza-associated illness, medical visits, hospitalizations, and deaths in the United States during the 2017-2018 season. Our results demonstrate the benefit of current influenza vaccination and the need for improved vaccines.

Copyright information:

© 2019 Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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