Comparison of bead array and glass nanoreactor multi-analyte platforms for the evaluation of CNS and peripheral inflammatory markers during HIV infection

• Authors: Albert Anderson, Emory University; Minh Ly Nguyen, Emory University; Michael Potter, University of California San Diego; Debra Rosario, University of California San Diego; Katarzyna Kempinska, University of California San Diego; Ronald J. Ellis, University of California San Diego; Mitchell Diccianni, University of California San Diego; Scott L. Letendre, University of California San Diego
• Journal Title: JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS
• Volume: Volume 465
• Publisher: ELSEVIER | 2019-02-01, Pages 7-12
• Type of Work: Article | Post-print: After Peer Review
• Publisher DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2018.11.008
• Subjects: Health Sciences, Immunology; Chemistry, Biochemistry
• Keywords: Science & Technology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; HIV; Cerebrospinal fluid; Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Monocyte chemotactic protein-1/chemokine CCL2; Fractalkine/chemokine CX3CL1; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; FRACTALKINE; BIOMARKERS; ACTIVATION; PLASMA; INJURY

Abstract

While human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a treatable disease with the development of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), chronic inflammation that affects the central nervous system and other organs is still common. Reliable methods are needed to study HIV-associated inflammatory biomarkers. In this study involving both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we compared multiplex bead array (MBA) to a relatively new technology based on microfluidics and glass nanoreactor (GNR) technology for the measurement of three commonly studied markers from HIV-infected individuals. We found that results correlated between the two platforms for MCP-1 in both fluids as well as for plasma TNFα (all p <.005). However, results between the two platforms did not correlate for CSF TNFα or fractalkine from plasma or CSF. A statistically significant decrease in CSF TNFα over time (p <.0001) was only detectable with the MBA platform, and TNFα on the MBA was the only CSF biomarker to correlate with CSF HIV RNA (rho = 0.71, p <.0001). Meanwhile, the GNR platform was superior in terms of intra-assay fractalkine (FKN) variability and the detection of a significant FKN decrease over time. Additionally, the only significant correlation between blood biomarkers and plasma HIV RNA was with FKN on the GNR platform (rho = 0.38, p =.015). Given the variability in results between platforms, more research is needed on methods to quantitate HIV-associated inflammation.