The effects of child abuse and neglect on cognitive functioning in adulthood

• Authors: Felicia Gould, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine; Jennifer Clarke, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine; Christine Heim, Emory University; Philip D Harvey, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine; Matthias Majer, Emory University; Charles B Nemeroff, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine
• Journal Title: Journal of Psychiatric Research
• Volume: Volume 46, Number 4
• Publisher: | 2012-04, Pages 500-506
• Type of Work: Article | Post-print: After Peer Review
• Publisher DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.01.005
• Subjects: Psychology, Cognitive; Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery
• Keywords: ELS; Cognition; Child Abuse

Abstract

Aims: Recent research has revealed that early life trauma (ELS), including abuse (sexual and/or physical) and neglect, produce lasting changes in the CNS. We posited that cognitive deficits, often observed in psychiatric patients, result, in part, due to the neurobiological consequences of ELS. Additionally, we hypothesized that the nature and magnitude of cognitive deficits would differ according to the subtype of ELS experienced. Method: The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) was used to assess neurocognitive functioning in 93 subjects (60 with ELS and 33 without). In the patients with a history of ELS, 35% and 16.7%, respectively, met criteria for current major depression and PTSD. Results: Significant associations between ELS status and CANTAB measures of memory and executive and emotional functioning were found. Conclusions: These data suggest that exposure to ELS results in a cascade of neurobiological changes associated with cognitive deficits in adulthood that vary according to the type of trauma experienced.