Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Inhibition Enhances the Extinction of Fear Memory

• Authors: Paul Marvar, Emory University; Jared Goodman, Emory University; Sebastien Fuchs, Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Dennis C. Choi, Emory University; Sunayana Banerjee, Emory University; Kerry Ressler, Emory University
• Journal Title: Biological Psychiatry
• Volume: Volume 75, Number 11
• Publisher: Elsevier: 12 months | 2014-06-01, Pages 864-872
• Type of Work: Article | Post-print: After Peer Review
• Publisher DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.08.024
• Subjects: Biology, Neuroscience; Health Sciences, Pharmacology; Psychology, Behavioral
• Keywords: Science & Technology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Neurosciences & Neurology; Angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT(1)); cardiovascular disease; fear memory; PTSD; renin-angiotensin; stress; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; II-INDUCED HYPERTENSION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; BED NUCLEUS; BRAIN; RATS; AMYGDALA; LOSARTAN; AVOIDANCE

Abstract

Background The current effective treatment options for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are limited, and therefore the need to explore new treatment strategies is critical. Pharmacological inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system is a common approach to treat hypertension, and emerging evidence highlights the importance of this pathway in stress and anxiety. A recent clinical study from our laboratory provides evidence supporting a role for the renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of the stress response in patients diagnosed with PTSD. Methods With an animal model of PTSD and the selective angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1) antagonist losartan, we investigated the acute and long-term effects of AT1 receptor inhibition on fear memory and baseline anxiety. After losartan treatment, we performed classical Pavlovian fear conditioning pairing auditory cues with footshocks and examined extinction behavior, gene expression changes in the brain, as well as neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses. Results After cued fear conditioning, both acute and 2-week administration of losartan enhanced the consolidation of extinction memory but had no effect on fear acquisition, baseline anxiety, blood pressure, and neuroendocrine stress measures. Gene expression changes in the brain were also altered in mice treated with losartan for 2 weeks, in particular reduced amygdala AT1 receptor and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis c-Fos messenger RNA levels. Conclusions These data suggest that AT1 receptor antagonism enhances the extinction of fear memory and therefore might be a beneficial therapy for PTSD patients who have impairments in extinction of aversive memories.