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Author Notes:
Correspondence: Adriana Galvan, Ph. D. Yerkes National Primate Research Center Emory University 954 Gatewood Road NE Atlanta GA 30322; Phone: (404) 712 8841; Fax: (404) 727 9294; Email: agalvan@emory.edu
Acknowledgments: The authors thank Jean-Francois Paré and Susan Maxson for technical assistance.
Subject:
Research Funding:
This work was supported by grants to Y. Smith from the National Institutes of Health (R01 NS037423, R01 NS037948, R01 NS42937) and the US Army Medical Research and Material Command, as well as the Yerkes National Primate Research Center base grant (RR00165).
Glutamate and GABA receptors and transporters in the basal ganglia: What does their subsynaptic localization reveal about their function?
Abstract:
GABA and glutamate, the main transmitters in the basal ganglia, exert their effects through ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. The dynamic activation of these receptors in response to released neurotransmitter depends, among other factors, on their precise localization in relation to corresponding synapses. The use of high resolution quantitative electron microscope immunocytochemical techniques has provided in-depth description of the subcellular and subsynaptic localization of these receptors in the CNS. In this article, we review recent findings on the ultrastructural localization of GABA and glutamate receptors and transporters in the basal ganglia, at synaptic, extrasynaptic and presynaptic sites. The anatomical evidence supports numerous potential locations for receptor-neurotransmitter interactions, and raises important questions regarding mechanisms of activation and function of synaptic versus extrasynaptic receptors in the basal ganglia.
Copyright information:
© 2006, Elsevier
This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 Generic License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/).
