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Author Notes:

Hyacinth I Hyacinth: hyacinth@musc.edu.

This work has been done with significant contributions from those listed here as authors.

JMH conceived and designed the study; DRA provided mice for the experiments and HIH and PLC conducted the experiment; JMH and DRA provided supervision; HIH and JMH wrote the manuscript, but all authors approved the final version of the manuscript for submission.

The metabolic cage used for this experiment was conceived and designed in JMH’s laboratory and is patent protected.

The other authors have no relevant conflict of interest to declare.

Subjects:

Research Funding:

This project was funded by grant from the National Institute of Health (NIH/NHLBI R21HL092358 and NIH/NCRR 5P20RR0111044 pilot to JMH).

Also in part by MUSC/Department of Defense Cooperative Agreement (SE VIEW) number: W81XWH-10-2-0057.

Keywords:

  • Science & Technology
  • Life Sciences & Biomedicine
  • Medicine, Research & Experimental
  • Research & Experimental Medicine
  • Nutrition
  • sickle cell disease
  • cytokines
  • infection
  • immunity
  • PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION
  • ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION
  • NUTRITIONAL-STATUS
  • DISEASE
  • CHILDREN
  • MICE
  • INFECTIONS
  • DEFICIENCY
  • LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE
  • HYPERMETABOLISM

TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-10, and IL-4 levels were elevated in a murine model of human sickle cell anemia maintained on a high protein/calorie diet

Tools:

Journal Title:

Experimental Biology and Medicine

Volume:

Volume 239, Number 1

Publisher:

, Pages 65-70

Type of Work:

Article | Post-print: After Peer Review

Abstract:

Increased frequency and risk of infection is one of the well described complications of sickle cell anemia (SCA). Dietary supplementation in children with SCA and growth retardation improved growth and decreased incidence of infection. We investigated the impact of a high protein diet on weight gain, hematological profile, and immune cytokine levels in the Berkeley model of SCA, 16 of which were randomized to either regular mouse diet with 20% of calories from protein (n = 8) or a test feed with 35% of calories from protein (n = 8). Control mice (C57BL/6, n = 16) were correspondingly randomized, and were all feed ad libitum for three months with actual intake estimated by subtracting the weight of gnaw waste from that of the feed given. Blood was collected at sacrifice by cardiac puncture and plasma levels of T helper cell 1 (TH1) and TH2 associated cytokines were measured using a multiplex antibody immobilized bead assay. SCA mice receiving the 35% protein diet had modest improvements in weight, red blood cell count, and hemoglobin level, with a slight decrease in reticulocyte count compared with SCA mice on the regular mouse diet. Furthermore, they also had significantly higher plasma levels of cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (P = 0.02), interferon (IFN)-γ (P = 0.01), interleukin 10 (IL-10; P = 0.02), and IL-4 (P = 0.02) compared with those that received the 20% protein diet. We conclude that providing additional protein calories to transgenic SCA mice increased the plasma levels of acute inflammatory cytokines associated with immune response to infection, which might partly explain decreased episodes of infection observed among supplemented children with SCA.

Copyright information:

© 2013 by the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

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