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Author Notes:

Correspondence: elena.gomez@csic.es

EG-D and VGC conceived the study.

EG-D, RSY, TL and VGC designed the experiments.

EG-D performed laboratory experiments.

EG-D, RSY and TL performed the field experiments.

JLR and EG-D performed data analysis.

RSY, TL and JBO provided infrastructure and organized gametocyte carrier recruitment in Burkina Faso.

EG-D, JLR and VGC wrote the manuscript. TL commented on the manuscript.

All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

We would like to thank all children and their parents who participated in this study, as well as the local authorities in Burkina Faso for their support.

We are very grateful to B. Yameogo, S. Tamboula, R. Hien, J. Bazié., B. Dabiré., F. Da, A. Diasso and F. Yao in Burkina Faso for technical assistance.

We thank The Genomic Services Lab at the HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, specially Braden Boone, Angela Jones and Terri Pointer, for their help in preparing RNA-seq libraries and performing Illumina sequencing of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq samples.

The authors declare that they have not competing interests.

Subjects:

Research Funding:

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Grant BFU2015-65000-R to EG-D; Severo Ochoa Fellowship BES-2016-076276 to JLR; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Ramon y Cajal Grant to EG-D; French ANR grant 11-PDOC-006-01 to TL and PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative to TL, JBO and RSY, and by U.S. Public Health Service Award R01GM035463 from the National Institutes of Health to VGC.

The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

Keywords:

  • ChIP-seq
  • Epigenome
  • Gene regulation
  • Histone modifications
  • Human malaria
  • Mosquitoes
  • RNA-seq
  • Transcriptome
  • Animals
  • Anopheles
  • Chromatin
  • Histone Code
  • Histones
  • Insect Proteins
  • Plasmodium falciparum

Chromatin changes in Anopheles gambiae induced by Plasmodium falciparum infection 06 Biological Sciences 0604 Genetics 11 Medical and Health Sciences 1108 Medical Microbiology

Journal Title:

Epigenetics and Chromatin

Volume:

Volume 12, Number 1

Publisher:

, Pages 5-5

Type of Work:

Article | Final Publisher PDF

Abstract:

Background: Infection by the human malaria parasite leads to important changes in mosquito phenotypic traits related to vector competence. However, we still lack a clear understanding of the underlying mechanisms and, in particular, of the epigenetic basis for these changes. We have examined genome-wide distribution maps of H3K27ac, H3K9ac, H3K9me3 and H3K4me3 by ChIP-seq and the transcriptome by RNA-seq, of midguts from Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes blood-fed uninfected and infected with natural isolates of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in Burkina Faso. Results: We report 15,916 regions containing differential histone modification enrichment between infected and uninfected, of which 8339 locate at promoters and/or intersect with genes. The functional annotation of these regions allowed us to identify infection-responsive genes showing differential enrichment in various histone modifications, such as CLIP proteases, antimicrobial peptides-encoding genes, and genes related to melanization responses and the complement system. Further, the motif analysis of regions differentially enriched in various histone modifications predicts binding sites that might be involved in the cis-regulation of these regions, such as Deaf1, Pangolin and Dorsal transcription factors (TFs). Some of these TFs are known to regulate immunity gene expression in Drosophila and are involved in the Notch and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Conclusions: The analysis of malaria infection-induced chromatin changes in mosquitoes is important not only to identify regulatory elements and genes underlying mosquito responses to P. falciparum infection, but also for possible applications to the genetic manipulation of mosquitoes and to other mosquito-borne systems.

Copyright information:

© 2019 The Author(s).

This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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