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Correspondence: Cassandra L. Quave; cquave@emory.edu
Author contributions: MK collected the plant specimens, prepared extracts and performed the antibacterial and cell culture experiments.
RP performed the biofilm experiments.
MK, JL, and HT performed the chemical analysis of active extracts.
HT performed δ-toxin analyses.
CQ and ZM designed and directed the study.
MK and CQ analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript.
All authors read, revised and approved the final manuscript.
Acknowledgments: The following reagents were obtained through BEI Resources, NIAID, NIH as part of the Human Microbiome Project: Enterococcus faecium, Strain 513, HM-959; Enterococcus faecium, Strain E0164, NR-31915.
The following reagents were obtained through BEI Resources, NIAID, NIH: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Isolate 1, NR-15410; Acinetobacter baumannii, Strain Naval-81, NR-17786.
See publication for full list of acknowledgements.
Disclosures: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the official views of NCCIH or NIH.
This work was supported by a grant from the Higher education commission, government of Pakistan under international research support initiative program (IRSIP), award no:1-8/HEC/HRD/2017/7323.
The work was also supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R01 AT007052, PI: CQ).
The funding agency had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
© 2018 Khan, Tang, Lyles, Pineau, Mashwani and Quave.