The association between cigarette smoking, virologic suppression, andCD4+lymphocyte count in HIV-Infected Russian women

• Authors: Jennifer L. Brown, University of Cincinnati; Theresa Winhusen, University of Cincinnati; Ralph Joseph Diclemente, Emory University; Jessica Sales, Emory University; Eve S. Rose, Emory University; Polina Safonova, Saint Petersburg AIDS Center; Olga Levina, Stellit; Nikolay Belyakov, North-West Regional Center for Control and Prevention of AIDS; Vadim V. Rassokhin, First Pavlov State Medical University
• Journal Title: AIDS Care
• Volume: Volume 29, Number 9
• Publisher: Taylor & Francis (Routledge): STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles | 2017-01-01, Pages 1102-1106
• Type of Work: Article | Post-print: After Peer Review
• Publisher DOI: http://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2017.1327645
• Subjects: Health Sciences, Public Health; Health Sciences, Epidemiology; Health Sciences, Immunology
• Keywords: Science & Technology; Social Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical; Health Care Sciences & Services; Psychology; Biomedical Social Sciences; Cigarette smoking; HIV-infected; antiretroviral medication adherence; virologic suppression; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SUBSTANCE USE; ADHERENCE; HEALTH; IMPACT; MEN; NONADHERENCE; INDIVIDUALS; POPULATION; PREDICTORS

Abstract

Cigarette smoking among people living with HIV/AIDS is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, but findings regarding the association between cigarette smoking and HIV viral load and CD4+ lymphocyte counts have been inconsistent. This study characterized the prevalence of cigarette smoking among HIV-infected Russian women and examined the association between smoking frequency and quantity and HIV viral load and CD4+ lymphocyte counts. HIV-infected Russian women (N = 250; M age = 30.0) in St. Petersburg, Russia, completed an audio computer-assisted self-interview survey assessing cigarette use, antiretroviral medication adherence, and provided blood samples assayed for HIV viral load and CD4+ lymphocyte counts. The majority (60.4%) reported cigarette smoking in the past month; 49.0% of recent smokers were classified as moderate or heavy smokers, defined as smoking ≥10 cigarettes daily. Viral load status did not differ between infrequent smokers and regular smokers. However, moderate/heavy smokers (relative to light smokers) were more likely to have a detectable viral load (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1, 5.1). There were no significant differences in CD4+ lymphocyte counts by smoking frequency or quantity of cigarettes smoked. Results highlight the need for additional research to examine the association between cigarette smoking and virologic suppression and markers of HIV disease progression. Adverse health consequences of cigarette smoking coupled with a potential link between heavy smoking and poor virologic suppression highlight the need for assessment of cigarette use and provision of evidence-based smoking-cessation interventions within HIV medical care.