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Author Notes:

Correspondence: Karl W Boehme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, No. 511, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Tel +1 501 686 5189, Fax +1 501 686 5359, Email kwboehme@uams.edu Bernardo A Mainou, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, ECC 564, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Tel +1 404 727 1605, Fax +1 404 727 9223, Email bernardo.mainou@emory.edu

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Subjects:

Research Funding:

This research was supported by Public Health Award R01 AI118801 (K.W.B.), Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, the Emory Children’s Pediatric Center, and Winship Cancer Institute IRG-14-188-01 from the American Cancer Society (B.A.M.).

Additional support was provided by the Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Inflammatory Response (P20 GM103625).

Keywords:

  • cancer
  • cell death
  • immunotherapy
  • interferon
  • virotherapy

Current understanding of reovirus oncolysis mechanisms.

Tools:

Journal Title:

Oncolytic Virotherapy

Volume:

Volume 7

Publisher:

, Pages 53-63

Type of Work:

Article | Final Publisher PDF

Abstract:

Mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) is under development as a cancer virotherapy. Clinical trials demonstrate that reovirus-based therapies are safe and tolerated in patients with a wide variety of cancers. Although reovirus monotherapy has proven largely ineffective, reovirus sensitizes cancer cells to existing chemotherapeutic agents and radiation. Clinical trials are underway to test the efficacy of reovirus in combination with chemotherapeutic and radiation regimens and to evaluate the effectiveness of reovirus in conjunction with immunotherapies. Central to the use of reovirus to treat cancer is its capacity to directly kill cancer cells and alter the cellular environment to augment other therapies. Apoptotic cell death is a prominent mechanism of reovirus cancer cell killing. However, reoviruses can also kill cancer cells through nonapoptotic mechanisms. Here, we describe mechanisms of reovirus cancer cell killing, highlight how reovirus is used in combination with existing cancer treatments, and discuss what is known as to how reovirus modulates cancer immunotherapy.

Copyright information:

© 2018 Phillips et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/).

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