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Author Notes:
Correspondence: Hyuk-Sang Kwon, E-mail: drkwon@catholic.ac.kr
O.K.H. and H.S.K. participated in the design of the study.
O.K.H. and H.S.K. performed the experiments.
O.K.H., S.J.Y., J.W.S., M.K.K., K.H.B., K.H.S., B.Y.C., H.J. and H.S.K. conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript.
All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Subjects:
Research Funding:
This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2012R1A1A2007098).
Keywords:
- Science & Technology
- Life Sciences & Biomedicine
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy
- Physiology
- Bone morphogenic protein 4
- Diabetes mellitus
- Free fatty acid
- High glucose
- OXYGEN SPECIES PRODUCTION
- SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS
- OXIDATIVE STRESS
- VASCULAR-DISEASES
- NADPH OXIDASE
- SHEAR-STRESS
- ATHEROSCLEROSIS
- ACTIVATION
- CORONARY
- INFLAMMATION
High glucose and palmitate increases bone morphogenic protein 4 expression in human endothelial cells
Abstract:
Here, we investigated whether hyperglycemia and/or free fatty acids (palmitate, PAL) affect the expression level of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), a proatherogenic marker, in endothelial cells and the potential role of BMP4 in diabetic vascular complications. To measure BMP4 expression, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to high glucose concentrations and/or PAL for 24 or 72 h, and the effects of these treatments on the expression levels of adhesion molecules and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined. BMP4 loss-of-function status was achieved via transfection of a BMP4-specific siRNA. High glucose levels increased BMP4 expression in HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. PAL potentiated such expression. The levels of adhesion molecules and ROS production increased upon treatment with high glucose and/or PAL, but this effect was negated when BMP4 was knocked down via siRNA. Signaling of BMP4, a proinflammatory and pro-atherogenic cytokine marker, was increased by hyperglycemia and PAL. BMP4 induced the expression of inflammatory adhesion molecules and ROS production. Our work suggests that BMP4 plays a role in atherogenesis induced by high glucose levels and/or PAL.
Copyright information:
© 2016 The Korean Physiological Society and The Korean Society of Pharmacology
This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
