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Author Notes:
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: hjo@bme.gatech.edu; Tel.: +1-404-712-9654.
Both authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Both authors contributed equally to the writing of this review article.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Subjects:
Research Funding:
Hanjoong Jo’s work was supported by funding from NIH grants HL095070, HL70531 and HHSN268201000043C.
Keywords:
- bone loss
- astronauts
- spaceflight
- mechanical stimulation
The role of mechanical stimulation in recovery of bone loss-high versus low magnitude and frequency of force
Abstract:
Musculoskeletal pathologies associated with decreased bone mass, including osteoporosis and disuse-induced bone loss, affect millions of Americans annually. Microgravity-induced bone loss presents a similar concern for astronauts during space missions. Many pharmaceutical treatments have slowed osteoporosis, and recent data shows promise for countermeasures for bone loss observed in astronauts. Additionally, high magnitude and low frequency impact such as running has been recognized to increase bone and muscle mass under normal but not microgravity conditions. However, a low magnitude and high frequency (LMHF) mechanical load experienced in activities such as postural control, has also been shown to be anabolic to bone. While several clinical trials have demonstrated that LMHF mechanical loading normalizes bone loss in vivo, the target tissues and cells of the mechanical load and underlying mechanisms mediating the responses are unknown. In this review, we provide an overview of bone adaptation under a variety of loading profiles and the potential for a low magnitude loading as a way to counteract bone loss as experienced by astronauts. © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Copyright information:
© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
