• Cardiac interdependence in conjoined twins is a rare phenomenon. • Presence of congenital heart disease may be an important prognostic factor. • There is high risk of high-output heart failure and pulmonary hypertension in the donor twin. • If reconstruction is feasible, early separation may improve the chance of survival.
Perinatal and neonatal infection and associated inflammatory response may adversely affect brain development and lead to neurodevelopmental impairment. Factors that predict the risk of infection and subsequent adverse outcomes have been identified but substantial gaps remain in identifying mechanisms and interventions that can alter outcomes. This article describes the current epidemiology of neonatal sepsis, the pathogenesis of brain injury with sepsis, and the reported long-term neurodevelopment outcomes among survivors.