Semantic elaboration: ERPs reveal rapid transition from novel to known

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Patricia Bauer, Emory University; Felicia L. Jackson, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2015-01-01
• Publisher: American Psychological Association
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2014 American Psychological Association.
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0037405
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
• ISSN: 0278-7393
• Volume: 41
• Issue: 1
• Start Page: 271
• End Page: 282
• Grant/Funding Information: This research was supported by NICHD HD57291 and HD67359.
• Keywords: Humans; Knowledge; Electroencephalography; Adolescent; Semantics; Brain; Reading; Young Adult; Neuropsychological Tests; Evoked Potentials; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Memory; Cognition
• Research Categories: Psychology, Cognitive; Psychology, Developmental

Abstract

Like language, semantic memory is productive: It extends itself through self-derivation of new information through logical processes such as analogy, deduction, and induction, for example. Though it is clear these productive processes occur, little is known about the time course over which newly self-derived information becomes incorporated into semantic knowledge. In the present research, we used event-related potentials to examine this dynamic process. Subjects were presented with separate but related facts that, when integrated with one another, supported generation of new information (Integration facts). After 2 400-ms presentations, P600 responses to Integration facts differed from responses to Novel facts and did not differ from responses to Well-known facts, suggesting that the newly self-derived information had been incorporated into the knowledge base. The finding of rapid transition from newly self-derived to well known helps explain the richness of semantic memory. By implication, it also may contribute to the absence of episodic information specifying when and where semantic contents were acquired.