Publication

Comparison of Standard and Novel Signal Analysis Approaches to Obstructive Sleep Apnea Classification

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Last modified
  • 02/20/2025
Type of Material
Authors
    Aoife Roebuck, University of OxfordGari Clifford, Emory University
Language
  • English
Date
  • 2015-08-27
Publisher
  • Frontiers
Publication Version
Copyright Statement
  • © 2015 Roebuck and Clifford.
License
Final Published Version (URL)
Title of Journal or Parent Work
ISSN
  • 2296-4185
Volume
  • 3
Grant/Funding Information
  • University of Oxford Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Centre Grant # 098461/Z/12/Z.
  • CUK Digital Economy Programme grant # EP/G036861/1 (Oxford Centre for Doctoral Training in Healthcare Innovation)
Abstract
  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder characterized by repeated pauses in breathing during sleep, which leads to deoxygenation and voiced chokes at the end of each episode. OSA is associated by daytime sleepiness and an increased risk of serious conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stroke. Between 2 and 7% of the adult population globally has OSA, but it is estimated that up to 90% of those are undiagnosed and untreated. Diagnosis of OSA requires expensive and cumbersome screening. Audio offers a potential non-contact alternative, particularly with the ubiquity of excellent signal processing on every phone. Previous studies have focused on the classification of snoring and apneic chokes. However, such approaches require accurate identification of events. This leads to limited accuracy and small study populations. In this work, we propose an alternative approach which uses multiscale entropy (MSE) coefficients presented to a classifier to identify disorder in vocal patterns indicative of sleep apnea. A database of 858 patients was used, the largest reported in this domain. Apneic choke, snore, and noise events encoded with speech analysis features were input into a linear classifier. Coefficients of MSE derived from the first 4 h of each recording were used to train and test a random forest to classify patients as apneic or not. Standard speech analysis approaches for event classification achieved an out-of-sample accuracy (Ac) of 76.9% with a sensitivity (Se) of 29.2% and a specificity (Sp) of 88.7% but high variance. For OSA severity classification, MSE provided an out-of-sample Ac of 79.9%, Se of 66.0%, and Sp = 88.8%. Including demographic information improved the MSE-based classification performance to Ac = 80.5%, Se = 69.2%, and Sp = 87.9%. These results indicate that audio recordings could be used in screening for OSA, but are generally under-sensitive.
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Keywords
Research Categories
  • Engineering, Biomedical
  • Health Sciences, General

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