The role of the basal ganglia in the control of seizure

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: J Vuong, Emory University; Annaelle Devergnas, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2018-03-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag (Germany)
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria.
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00702-017-1768-x
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Journal of Neural Transmission
• ISSN: 0300-9564
• Volume: 125
• Issue: 3
• Start Page: 531
• End Page: 545
• Keywords: AMYGDALA-KINDLED SEIZURES; PARADOXICAL ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY; Seizures; FOCAL MOTOR SEIZURES; SPONTANEOUS RECURRENT SEIZURES; CORTICAL EPILEPTIFORM DISCHARGE; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS STIMULATION; Epilepsy; TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; PROGRESSIVE MYOCLONIC EPILEPSY; Neurosciences & Neurology; Neocortical seizures; Absence; Science & Technology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Basal ganglia; DEEP-BRAIN-STIMULATION; Neuromodulation; Neurosciences; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRATE ANTAGONIST; Non-human primate; Clinical Neurology; TLE
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery; Biology, Neuroscience

Abstract

Epilepsy is a network disorder and each type of seizure involves distinct cortical and subcortical network, differently implicated in the control and propagation of the ictal activity. The role of the basal ganglia has been revealed in several cases of focal and generalized seizures. Here, we review the data that show the implication of the basal ganglia in absence, temporal lobe, and neocortical seizures in animal models (rodent, cat, and non-human primate) and in human. Based on these results and the advancement of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease, basal ganglia neuromodulation has been tested with some success that can be equally seen as promising or disappointing. The effect of deep brain stimulation can be considered promising with a 76% in seizure reduction in temporal lobe epilepsy patients, but also disappointing, since only few patients have become seizure free and the antiepileptic effects have been highly variable among patients. This variability could probably be explained by the heterogeneity among the patients included in these clinical studies. To illustrate the importance of specific network identification, electrophysiological activity of the putamen and caudate nucleus has been recorded during penicillin-induced pre-frontal and motor seizures in one monkey. While an increase of the firing rate was found in putamen and caudate nucleus during pre-frontal seizures, only the activity of the putamen cells was increased during motor seizures. These preliminary results demonstrate the implication of the basal ganglia in two types of neocortical seizures and the necessity of studying the network to identify the important nodes implicated in the propagation and control of each type of seizure.