Organophosphorous pesticide breakdown products in house dust and children’s urine

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Lesliam Quiros-Alcala, University of California Berkeley; Asa Bradman, University of California Berkeley; Kimberly Smith, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Gayanga Weerasekera, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Martins Odetokun, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Dana Boyd Barr, Emory University; Marcia Nishioka, Battelle Memorial Institute; Rosemary Castorina, University of California Berkeley; Alan E. Hubbard, University of California Berkeley; Mark Nicas, University of California Berkeley; S. Katharine Hammond, University of California Berkeley; Thomas E. McKone, University of California Berkeley; Brenda Eskenazi, University of California Berkeley
• Language: English
• Date: 2012-11-01
• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group: Open Access Hybrid Model Option B
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2012 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jes.2012.46
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology
• ISSN: 1559-0631
• Volume: 22
• Issue: 6
• Start Page: 559
• End Page: 568
• Grant/Funding Information: dditional support was provided by an EPA STAR Doctoral Fellowship (F5D30812), the University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States (UC MEXUS), and the Center for Latino Policy Research at the University of California at Berkeley.; This work was supported by EPA (RD 83171001) and NIEHS (PO1 ES009605).
• Keywords: dust; MEXICAN-AMERICAN CHILDREN; AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY; COHORT; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; biomarkers; RISK-ASSESSMENT; ASSESSMENTS; metabolites; CHLORPYRIFOS; urine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; organophosphates; 3,5,6-TRICHLORO-2-PYRIDINOL; METABOLITES; Science & Technology; dialkylphosphates; Toxicology; EXPOSURE; CHAMACOS; Environmental Sciences
• Research Categories: Biology, Biostatistics; Health Sciences, Public Health; Environmental Sciences

Abstract

Human exposure to preformed dialkylphosphates (DAPs) in food or the environment may affect the reliability of DAP urinary metabolites as biomarkers of organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure. We conducted a study to investigate the presence of DAPs in indoor residential environments and their association with children's urinary DAP levels. We collected dust samples from homes in farmworker and urban communities (40 homes total, n79 samples) and up to two urine samples from resident children ages 36 years. We measured six DAPs in all samples and eight DAP-devolving OP pesticides in a subset of dust samples (n54). DAPs were detected in dust with diethylphosphate (DEP) being the most frequently detected (60%); detection frequencies for other DAPs were 50%. DEP dust concentrations did not significantly differ between communities, nor were concentrations significantly correlated with concentrations of chlorpyrifos and diazinon, the most frequently detected diethyl-OP pesticides (Spearman ρ0.41 to 0.38, P > 0.05). Detection of DEP, chlorpyrifos, or diazinon, was not associated with DEP and/or DEPdiethylthiophosphate detection in urine (Kappa coefficients0.33 to 0.16). Finally, estimated non-dietary ingestion intake from DEP in dust was found to be 5% of the dose calculated from DEP levels in urine, suggesting that ingestion of dust is not a significant source of DAPs in urine if they are excreted unchanged.