Acute and Delayed Protective Effects of Pharmacologically Induced Hypothermia in an Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke Model of Mice

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Shipeng Wei, Emory University; Jinmei Sun, Emory University; Jimei Li, Capital University of Medical Sciences; Lili Wang, Emory University; Casey L. Hall, Emory University; Thomas A. Dix, Medical University of South Carolina; Osama Mohamad, Emory University; Ling Wei, Emory University; Shan Ping Yu, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2013-11-12
• Publisher: Elsevier: 12 months
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2013 IBRO.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.052
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Neuroscience
• ISSN: 0306-4522
• Volume: 252
• Start Page: 489
• End Page: 500
• Grant/Funding Information: CH was supported by NIH grant R25 NS065739.; This work was also supported by the NIH grant C06 RR015455 from the Extramural Research Facilities Program of the National Center for Research Resources.; This work is supported by the NIH grants NS0458710 (SPY); R41NS073378 (SPY/TD); NS 057255 (LW); NS075338 (LW); NS062097 (LW); AHA Established Investigator Award (LW); and a Yerkes National Primate Center/NIH P51 grant (SPY).
• Keywords: BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; FOCAL CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; MILD HYPOTHERMIA; Science & Technology; neurotensin receptor; PROLONGED HYPOTHERMIA; ABS-201; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; GENE-EXPRESSION; HPI-201; intracerebral hemorrhage; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; MODERATE HYPOTHERMIA; Neurosciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; pharmacological hypothermia; PIH; FOREBRAIN ISCHEMIA; Neurosciences & Neurology; THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery; Biology, Neuroscience

Abstract

Hemorrhagic stroke, including intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), is a devastating subtype of stroke; yet, effective clinical treatment is very limited. Accumulating evidence has shown that mild to moderate hypothermia is a promising intervention for ischemic stroke and ICH. Current physical cooling methods, however, are less efficient and often impractical for acute ICH patients. The present investigation tested pharmacologically induced hypothermia (PIH) using the second-generation neurotensin receptor (NTR) agonist HPI-201 (formerly known as ABS-201) in an adult mouse model with ICH. Acute or delayed administrations of HPI-201 (2. mg/kg bolus injection followed by 2 injections of 1. mg/kg, i.p.) were initiated at 1 or 24. h after ICH. HPI-201 induced mild hypothermia within 30. min and body and brain temperatures were maintained at 32.7. ±. 0.4. °C for at least 6. h without causing observable shivering. With the 1-h delayed treatment, HPI-201-induced PIH significantly reduced ICH-induced cell death and brain edema compared to saline-treated ICH animals. When HPI-201-induced hypothermia was initiated 24. h after the onset of ICH, it still significantly attenuated brain edema, cell death and blood-brain barrier breakdown. HPI-201 significantly decreased the expression of matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), reduced caspase-3 activation, and increased Bcl-2 expression in the ICH brain. Moreover, ICH mice received 1-h delayed HPI-201 treatment performed significantly better in the neurological behavior test 48. h after ICH. All together, these data suggest that systemic injection of HPI-201 is an effective hypothermic strategy that protects the brain from ICH injury with a wide therapeutic window. The protective effect of this PIH therapy is partially mediated through the alleviation of apoptosis and neurovascular damage. We suggest that pharmacological hypothermia using the newly developed neurotensin analogs is a promising therapeutic treatment for ICH.