Pro-Inflammatory Diet Is Associated with Adiposity during Childhood and with Adipokines and Inflammatory Markers at 11 Years in Mexican Children

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Sofia Barragan-Vazquez, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; Ana Carolina Ariza, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; Ivonne Ramirez Silva, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; Lilia Susana Pedraza, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; Juan A. Rivera Dommarco, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; Elena Zambrano, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán; Luis A. Reyes Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán; Nitin Shivappa, University of South Carolina; James R. Hebert, University of South Carolina; Reynaldo Martorell, Emory University; Aryeh Stein, Emory University; Albino Barraza-Villarreal, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; Isabelle Romieu, Emory University; Laura Avila-Jimenez, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; Usha Ramakrishnan, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2020-12-01
• Publisher: MDPI
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2020 by the authors.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12123658
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: NUTRIENTS
• Volume: 12
• Issue: 12
• Start Page: 1
• End Page: 18
• Grant/Funding Information: This work was supported by the Mexican National Council of Sciences and Technology (CONACYT, grants 87121 and 262140), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (grants R01HD058818 and R01HD043099), and the March of Dimes Foundation. The funding agencies did not have any influence on study design, data collection and analysis, preparation of the manuscript or decision to publish.
• Keywords: leptin; Science & Technology; IL-6; BIOMARKERS; CRP; OVERWEIGHT; inflammation; diet; Nutrition & Dietetics; LEPTIN; LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION; BODY-COMPOSITION; s dietary inflammatory index; adiponectin ratio; ADIPONECTIN; INDEX; ADOLESCENTS; OBESITY; Mexican children; HEALTH; children’ Life Sciences & Biomedicine
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Public Health; Health Sciences, Nutrition

Abstract

There is limited evidence about the inflammatory potential of diet in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII) from 5 to 11 years with adiposity and inflammatory biomarkers in Mexican children. We analyzed 726 children from a birth cohort study with complete dietary information and measurements to evaluate adiposity at 5, 7 and 11 y and 286 children with IL-6, hsCRP, leptin and adiponectin information at 11 y. C-DII trajectories were estimated using latent class linear mixed models. We used linear mixed models for adiposity and logistic and multinomial regression for biomarkers. In girls, each one-point increase in C-DII score was associated with greater adiposity (abdominal-circumference 0.41%, p = 0.03; skinfold-sum 1.76%, p = 0.01; and BMI Z-score 0.05, p = 0.01). At 11 y the C-DII was associated with greater leptin (34% ≥ 13.0 ng/mL, p = 0.03) and hsCRP concentrations (29% ≥ 3.00 mg/L, p = 0.06) and lower adiponectin/leptin ratio (75% < 2.45, p = 0.02). C-DII trajectory 3 in boys was associated with a 75.2% (p < 0.01) increase in leptin concentrations and a 37.9% decrease (p = 0.02) in the adiponectin/leptin ratio. This study suggests that the inflammatory potential of diet may influence adiposity in girls and the homeostasis of adipose tissue and chronic subclinical inflammation in 11-year-old children.