Reliability and Construct Validity of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised in a Swedish Non-Criminal Sample – A Multimethod Approach including Psychophysiological Correlates of Empathy for Pain

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Karolina Sörman, Karolinska Institutet; Gustav Nilsonne, Karolinska Institutet; Katarina Howner, Karolinska Institutet; Sandra Tamm, Karolinska Institutet; Shilan Caman, Karolinska Institutet; Hui-Xin Wang, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University; Martin Ingvar, Karolinska Institutet; John F. Edens, Texas A&M University; Petter Gustavsson, Karolinska Institutet; Scott Lilienfeld, Emory University; Predrag Petrovic, Karolinska Institutet; Håkan Fischer, Stockholm University; Marianne Kristiansson, Karolinska Institutet
• Language: English
• Date: 2016-06-14
• Publisher: Public Library of Science
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2016 Sörman et al.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156570
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: PLoS ONE
• ISSN: 1932-6203
• Volume: 11
• Issue: 6
• Start Page: e0156570
• End Page: e0156570
• Research Categories: Psychology, Experimental; Psychology, Behavioral; Psychology, Personality

Abstract

Cross-cultural investigation of psychopathy measures is important for clarifying the nomological network surrounding the psychopathy construct. The Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R) is one of the most extensively researched self-report measures of psychopathic traits in adults. To date however, it has been examined primarily in North American criminal or student samples. To address this gap in the literature, we examined PPI-R’s reliability, construct validity and factor structure in non-criminal individuals (N = 227) in Sweden, using a multimethod approach including psychophysiological correlates of empathy for pain. PPI-R construct validity was investigated in subgroups of participants by exploring its degree of overlap with (i) the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV), (ii) self-rated empathy and behavioral and physiological responses in an experiment on empathy for pain, and (iii) additional self-report measures of alexithymia and trait anxiety. The PPI-R total score was significantly associated with PCL:SV total and factor scores. The PPI-R Coldheartedness scale demonstrated significant negative associations with all empathy subscales and with rated unpleasantness and skin conductance responses in the empathy experiment. The PPI-R higher order Self-Centered Impulsivity and Fearless Dominance dimensions were associated with trait anxiety in opposite directions (positively and negatively, respectively). Overall, the results demonstrated solid reliability (test-retest and internal consistency) and promising but somewhat mixed construct validity for the Swedish translation of the PPI-R.